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Windows 10 1703 download iso itap

 

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WOA1 – Intelligent terminal application protocol – Google Patents

 

When time-out is detected, the IMS should locally abort the ITAP session and, if the bearer has a dialogue structure, abort the dialogue on bearer level.

In addition, the IMS should have an “idle” timer which monitors whether the user performs an action within a specified time period. The initial value of the “idle” timer is constant, except for the situation when Alert has been received. In this case the timer value is specified with a parameter in the Alert operation. If an error or time-out occurs at the bearer level, all ITAP sessions carried by this bearer dialogue should be aborted.

However, PER is preferred because this coding standard gives shorter operations and better performance for the IMS user. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum size of an ITAP operations should be limited to octets. This limitation will also define the maximum size of an ITAP image description.

The discussion will now focus on ITAP image descriptions. ITAP image descriptions are resources that define:. In the image descriptions, the MMI definition is made on a rather high logical level.

The actual image formatting and presentation is decided by the IMS An image description specifies objects from the following list: Lists of action items that consist of local IMS function calls, invocation of application-dependent ITAP operations “SN function calls” , conditional statements and label statements. Menus with an action for each menu option. Lists of dynamic data. Terminal registers for temporary storage of dynamic data.

An exemplary image description for a menu of options is depicted in FIG. From the image description , it is possible to call local IMS functions and remote SN functions When a function is called, the input and output parameters are stored in temporary registers. The remote SN functions are called through the set of application dependent ITAP operations that is available for the current application.

The IMS functions are divided into the following groups:. Functions for manipulating image description objects, such as image descriptions, registers and parameter lists. Call related functions, such as “Accept incoming call” and “Set up call”. Functions for accessing local IMS software objects, such as the telephone book,. Functions for accessing local IMS hardware objects, such as the tone generator. Functions for handling SMS. A list of local IMS functions, with input and output parameters, is described later in this description.

Additionally, the following SN requirements should be satisfied when image descriptions are supported:. The IMS should be able to leave the normal mode of operation and transition to a mode where the user application mainly is controlled by an ITAP application part. Additionally, the following IMS requirements should be satisfied when image descriptions are supported:.

Memory for dynamic storing of image descriptions and temporary data should be available in the IMS Image descriptions should stay resident in memory when the power has been switched off. The memory size required for storing image descriptions depends on the number of images used for the services and the complexity of the services. It is estimated that in most cases, an image description will not be bigger than bytes.

One feature with the ITAP concept is that dynamic loading of image descriptions is possible. The scenario when an operator updates a service is:. The new service application version is installed in the SN When contact is established the first time after the version has been updated in the SN , the SN detects that the IMS has an old version. When the services are executed, the IMS uses the.

If image descriptions are supported, then the ITAP concept places the following requirements on the operator: SN service application logic modifications and image description updates must be coordinated. A management tool for creating and managing image descriptions has to be created.

Each string has a USSD specific header , and a bearer independent part , The following text explains the different fields of the USSD strings:. The specification for GSM An exemplary encoding is as follows:. This field, which designates the ITAP session identity, is found in all operations. Seg Flag all operations : This field, which designates segmentation information, is found in all operations. The values of this flag are:. Decoding of a received ITAP operation should not be performed until the complete operation has been received.

Operation scenario diagrams are presented later which describe the segmentation. In all other cases the field “ITAP operation” , is empty. An explanation of the problems with the USSD operation and idle timers in the network is presented below. An example of this scenario is presented below. The ” ” character requires 7 bits in the SMS default alphabet. The eighth bit should be set to 0. Turning now to the bearer independent part, the USSD string would include:.

ITAP Operation However, there are also limitations in the TCAP-layer. Figures between and octets have been mentioned. In addition, it has also been mentioned that if the USSD string is longer than octets it will be segmented on the A-interface, which will increase response times. This means that the limitation is 70 octets. GSM The response is not specified.

According to GSM The following sections describe problems and solutions associated with USSD operations and idle timers in the network:. The timer values are in the range of 30 sec to 10 minutes. As a consequence of this, the length of services using ITAP is limited. This is a problem because it is desirable to be able to keep the ITAP session for a long time for advanced services.

It is likely that there will be situations when the user keeps an ITAP session for more than 10 minutes. If a new ITAP session is started when there already is a session active, the first session is temporarily interrupted.

When the second ITAP session is terminated, the first session is resumed. It is in this case not possible to start a new session from the SN with Alert. However, multiple invocations are not allowed in USSD. It should be noted that if the timeout is caused by “no input from user”, then this problem is solved by the “idle” timer in the IMS as described above, and illustrated below.

It is assumed that image descriptions are supported. Note that if an event e. Note that when the IMS receives the bind result step , the application parameters are stored in the IMS In FIG. Note that all ITAP sessinos will be aborted in this situation.

This is necessary because the attempt to erminate a session on the ITAP level failed and a deadlock situation needs to be avoided. The illustrated scenario is for the case in which image descriptions are supported. In this case, the IMS does not support image descriptions, and the SN is backward compatible. It has been described, with respect to FIGS. In the following scenarios, depicted in FIGS. When the IMS or the SN has received an operation with the segmentation flag set to “more to come”, then a USSD operation with just the header, where the segmentation flag is set to “get more info”, should be sent to the other entity.

When the complete ITAP operation has been received, it should be decoded by the receiving entity. Turning now to FIG. The solution is to split it into two operations , The IMS responds by generating invoking an Unbind operation step As a result, an Unbind scenario continues step , that is, a USSD dialogue is closed or a previously interrupted session is resumed.

The various ITAP operations in accorance with one embodiment of the invention will now be described in greater detail. ITAP uses the concept of remote operations for specification of interactive communication between the application entities.

Operation class 1, synchronous, reporting success or failure; Operation class 2, asynchronous, reporting success or failure; Operation class 3, asynchronous, reporting failure only; Operation class 4, asynchronous, reporting success only; and Operation class 5, outcome not reported.

The timer range value that is used complies to the range defined by. The operation timer is invoked when the requesting application entity is waiting for the outcome of a request.

If no outcome is returned before the timer expires, the operation is cancelled. The idle timer is invoked in the IMS when there is no outstanding request for service and invoked in the SN when no request is being executed. If there is no activity on the session, the idle timer will expire. SN, ml It should be noted that since the IMS will send an Unbind operation when the idle timer expires in the IMS , the idle timer ought to be a little bit shorter in the IMS than in the SN so that the session can be terminated in a proper way.

These operations are specified in the following section. IMS in order to remotely call a service application function in the SN Rules and restrictions for these functions are specified in a section below.

The data types that are not specified in this document are specified in the sections below that describe Image Descriptions in greater detail. This is only – applicable when the IMS does. The selectedLanguage. Serviceld defines the. Alert timer. If the timer expires an Unbind operation is. The timer is cleared when. Textlnfo can — be used to send an arbitrary text string that can be. The serviceld is equal to the start image — description that will be displayed and evaluated.

This text can — be used to present a menu on the local MMI for accessing. If the terminal type is not. Restricted is used when. Portuguese 8 , finnish 9 , norwegian 10 , greek 11 , turkish If the IMS supports image descriptions, serviceld – defines the first image description that shall be.

Bit 1 in the first octet indicates if the — first sub service is included, bit 2 in the first octet. It is – possible to have 32 different sub services. First digit. The operation codes for the application dependent ITAP operations shall be within the range of 10 to as operation codes 1 to 9 are reserved for the basic ITAP operations.

This is also valid even if the argument contains only one element. A limited number of data types shall be used for the elements in the operation arguments. The allowed data types are:. It is not allowed to specify value range or sizes range of a specific element. If the value range or size range specified for the type of the element must be further decreased, this shall be indicated as a comment, not as ASN.

The reason for this is that if PER is used, the length field of a “sized element” contains the number of bits that is required for the maximum size. Also, the number of bits required for the value field of a certain “value element” depends on the maximum value specified. This makes the number of bits for the length field or the value field variable. The tagging shall be: – Sequential start with tag 0. Optional parameters shall be specified at the end of the operation argument. No parameters are allowed for the error types.

The error codes shall be in the range of 20 to as error codes 1 – 19 are reserved for the basic ITAP operations. The focus of this description will now be on a more detailed description of image descriptions.

The image descriptions mainly put requirements on suppliers of the IMS , because from the point of view of the SN , the image description is just a resource that needs to be loaded using the ITAP GetlmageDescr iption operation.

The following specifications are made with ASN. Data types that are not specified here were specified above in the sections discussing ITAP Operations.

Image header string. Set up new definitions for the logical functions. Execute the action. The action items are evaluated in sequential order. If a new image description is activated in the action, the IMS shall fetch the new image description and evaluate the new image description, see step 1. An action can never be interrupted. If the IMS receives events during execution of an action, the event shall be pending in an event queue.

The action associated with a pending event shall be executed when the IMS is idle and fetching the next event from the event queue. Display the header. Display the image objects, including field and list contents. Get next event. The IMS shall fetch next event from the event queue.

If there is no event, the IMS shall remain in idle mode and wait for the next event. The events shall have the following priority order, in decreasing priority order:. Upon reception of an event, execute the associated action as described in step 3. There can only be one menu or list.

Once the — register is allocated it remains allocated until the ITAP. As long as the register is allocated it. Furthermore a. The register can either be a — vector register or register just containing one entry.

If the size is 1, the register shall be. The reference can be a. If the index is. Following terms are used for parameters: simpleValue, a value from a register that is not a vector. The value is identified by just a register identity. The vector is identified by a register.

When a. The conditionalStatement. The expression defines that expression that shall. True and false label defines the identity of the label where the. The refereed label must be defined within the same action.

If one of. The expression shall be evaluated. The first and — second parameter must always be of the same type with the following exceptions:. The secondParameter and operator can be omitted if. Specifies a parameter to an expression. The parameter could be: a fixed value a simple register value a simple value within a vector a selected list row.

The inparameter could be:. The execution can only be transferred to a label. If no error label is provided and a fatal error occurs,. The operators are specified in decreasing. The outparameter could be:. Timeout specifies the number of. If no response is. Icons can only be used on. The resource associated with a certain Iconld is defined by the -terminal supplier.

It is up to the IMS to decide how the menu is. The “icon” parameter refers to a local icon stored in the. The icon parameter is only applicable for graphical terminals. If the. The text of each option row could consists of a sequence of these items. It is up to the IMS to decide how the option text is formatted on the display.

The referenced register contains the data to be. For presentation of address information same. If — one row has been selected the selectedRegister will contain one entry. If two rows. If no selection has been done,. Number of possible selections are defined by possibleSelections parameter. An icon. IMS calculates this value. First list row — has number 0. The register is of type. The following rules are defined for the presentation. If a-address is available, the IMS shall search for the address in the local address book and display the name found in the address book.

If name is provided by the network and the entry is not found in the local address book, the name provided by the network shall be displayed. If name is not available but the address is available, the address shall be displayed. The register is of some. The register. The IMS can present this as. When a selection is done, the register contains the value.

If “moreThanOneAUowed” is true, the first selected item value is. If there is no selections the register will be empty. The register can be. The register is of type textString.

It is up to the IMS to present the time stamp in a suitable. Disconnect specifies the. The logical functions overrides the — standard functionality in the IMS. If there is no action associated with a. The definition can be temporary and just valid when the — current image description is active or valid during the entire ITAP session.

Included in this data type is an optional “errorLabel”. It is, through this “errorLabel”, possible to specify actions that are executed when a fatal error occurs. However, if no “errorLabel” is included in the function call, then a default error handling takes place. Stores the text information, a-party and b-party address information received from SN with Alert request or Bind result in a sequence of registers.

The function should be called from the image description that has the same number as the serviceld in the Alert or Bind response operation.

Sets the status of a menu entry. The menu entry stams can be “enabled” or “disabled”. If the stams is disabled, the menu entry shall not be presented for the service user.

The default stams is enabled. Adds an item to a vector register. It is possible to add the item in start of vector, end of vector or in sort order. The function returns the index where the item was inserted. The entries with higher index than the inserted index, are moved to one index higher. If the vector is filled with entries and insert mode is start of vector or in sort order, the last entry shall be removed and the new item shall be inserted.

If the vector is filled and insert mode is end of vector, an error shall be returned indicating that the maximum number of entries has been exceeded. Note: insert mode “in sort order” is only possible to use for sorted vectors. Inserts an entry in a vector register. If the vector is filled with entries, the last entry shall be removed and the new entry shall be inserted. Removes an entry in a sequence of vector registers. The entries with higher index than the removed index, are moved to one index lower, in order to fill out the gap.

Searches an item in a vector register. Returns the index of the first entry that matches the search item. The register may not be sorted so the function must search the entire register for a matching item.

Sorts a vector register and an additional list of vector registers. Input to the function is the registers that shall be sorted. A referenced register is not defined or is not a vector. Merges two vector registers. Both registers must be of the same type. The result register will get the same id as registerld 1. Clears a sequence of vector registers or simple registers. Sets a value in a simple register or a range of entries in a vector register.

The value to set must be of the same type as the register. Increments the value of a register entry. The register must be of type Longlnt or UnsignedByte. Decrements the value of a register entry. Copies the contents of one register to another register. Both registers must be of the same type and can be simple registers or vector registers. If the registers are vectors, then the whole vector is copied. Executes the actions, specified for the selected menu option in a menu that is presented in this image.

Unbind is sent to SN. Starts a new ITAP session. Bind, with a new session id, will be sent to the SN. The capabilities of the bearer determines if the already running ITAP session will be temporarily interrupted, or if it will continue to run in parallel with the new ITAP session. Starts a timer. If the timer expires the action defined for the logical function timeout will be executed.

The timer can be cleared with the stopTimer function. It is only possible to start one timer. Stops a timer. Clears the timer that has been started with startTimer. Accepts a call that has been indicated in the IMS or sets the IMS in a mode so the next incoming call will be accepted. There are no error responses from this function. The function will remrn immediately with a call id. The call identity is always greater than or equal to 1. Sets up call to another party. Function immediately remrns with call identity.

Illegal bNumber. Puts an active call or multi party on hold. If there is already a call on hold, that call becomes active and the identity of that call is returned. If there is no call on hold, callld 0 is returned. The active call and the call on hold are joined in a multi party and the served mobile subscriber and the remote parties can all communicate with each other.

The function remrns the id of the multi party. Removes a call from a multi party. The removed call becomes active and the multi party call is put on hold. Sends a string of DTMF digits on the active call connection. Sends a short message. The function uses the default values stored in the IMS for other parameters take can be provided for mobile originated SM, e. Reply to a received short message. This function checks whether the reply path is requested in the original short message.

If reply path is requested the service centre address in the original short message shall be used in the reply message. If reply path is not request the default service centre address shall be used.

The recipient address is always fetched from the original message. Name Type Description messageld Longlnt Identity of the message. Send a command to the SMS-C. The following commands are defined: enquiry the stams of a submitted message delivered, not delivered, replaced , cancel a request for stams report or delete a submitted message. Generates an indication, e. Illegal type of notification. Enquiries the address book about the address information for one or more subscribers, specified by the address.

The function remrns all entries that match the search key. Name Type Description address Addresslnfo Address to subscriber. Name Type Description index Longlnt Unique index identifying the entry in the address book. The focus of this description will now be on a detailed description of application dependent ITAP operations for a personal access service. The reason is indicated by the service identity parameter. Together with the operation it is also possible to provide parameters that are associated with the service identity, i.

This section defines the different service identities that are defined for a Personal Access PA application and how the corresponding parameters are utilized for transferring application dependent parameters in the initiating ITAP operations for the different service identities. This will be the service identity used when the service user is accessing the personal access application in the service node without authentication.

The service user shall be offered services for enquiring the mailboxes or managing the personal profile. No parameters are associated with the service identity.

Incoming call An ITAP session for incoming calls can be established in two ways: network initiated and mobile initiated. The A-number and A- name will be sent if the information is available or if there is no caller line restriction. New message notification An ITAP session for message notification is always initiated from the network. The notification information e. No parameters are transferred. An ITAP session for indicating that the screening has expired is always established from the network.

The screening reason that has expired shall be sent as a text string. The screening reason is mapped on the textlnfo parameter in the Alert operation. The service user shall be able to set a new expiration time. General Notification. An ITAP session for notification is always established from the network.

The notification reason shall be sent as a text string. The notification text is mapped on the textlnfo parameter in the Alert operation. An ITAP session for setting the stams line is always initiated from the network.

The service node initiates an ITAP session with the ITAP operation Alert for indicating that the stams text displayed in idle mode shall be changed, such as when the current screening state is changed. The stams text is mapped on the textlnfo parameter in the Alert operation. This will be the service identity used when the service user is accessing the personal access application in the service node with authentication. The service user will be requested to enter the personal identification number PIN -Code.

If the correct PIN-Code is entered, the service user shall be offered services for enquiring the mailboxes or managing the personal profile. It is possible to create a PA service application package comprised of the mandatory PA services plus the operator specific selection from the available optional PA services. Caller presentation Call screening Incoming call selection Call logs – Fax mail. E-mail Conversion An identification of which optional services are included in the service users subscription is indicated with the subService parameter in Bind result or Alert invoke.

The services are mapped in the following way:. Fax detection, bit 1 octet 1 Callers choice, bit 2 octet 1 Caller presentation, bit 3 octet 1 Call screening, bit 4 octet 1 – Incoming call selection, bit 5 octet 1. Call logs, bit 6 octet 1 Fax mail, bit 7 octet 1 E-mail, bit 8 octet 1 Conversion, bit 1 octet 2 If the bit is 1, then the corresponding service is included in the subscription.

The operation can be. The call will be transferred to a new destination. The destination can be a predefined number defined by the operator or an explicit number. Class 1 operation. The result indicates whether.

The remaining. The operation can. An additional pause. If there is no. The result shall be returned when the speech. The IMS shall accept the call when the result is remrned. If there is a speech connection already established. The result shall be remrned when the. The IMS shall accept the call when the result is — remrned. The playing of the message s is started when the answer. If there is a speech connection. The result shall be remrned when the speech. This operation is used.

The operation remrns the new message notification. The SN shall — return the result immediately. The selected message that. The SN shall remrn the result. The result indicates whether there are more stams entries.

The remaining part is retrieved by additional — stams enquires with the type of log assigned to more information.

The call has been routed to — the destination for fax calls and incoming call selection is terminated. The index can be in the range of 1 to. The size of the. The message id. Message id and media shall then be fetched by the SN from — the current message. The media parameter is only included if the selected media is — equal to “all”.

The media parameter is only included if the selected media is. The status parameter is only included of the selected stams. The message body parameter is only applicable for E-mail. If type of media. If type of play is all, all messages shall be played in. If type of play is specific, the specified message shall. If type of play is repeat, the current message shall be repeated. Repeat and next. Message id — is not used for repeat and next.

If number shall not be presented for the service. If the name is not available, — only the number shall be included. If the name is not available,. The routing table identifier. If number shall not be presented for the service user, e. If it is an operator. If the name is not available, only — the number shall be included. If number shall not be presented for the service — user, e. If the screening is not active this parameter.

Screening reason can be in the. Message id and media shall then be fetched by the SN from the current message. The routing table identifier can be in the range.

The bnumber can be omitted if. The SN shall — then fetch the number from the current message. If the transfer destination is a. If the transfer destination is from the local address. If the address — information are from the local address book or manually entered numbers,. If the address. The routing table identifier can be in – the range The screening reason indicates the current screening reason, e.

Screening reason can be in the range 1 – Search times can be — in the range of 1 – 60 seconds. Referring first to FIGS. The SN responds with the caller name and number step In this example, the IMS application version is equal to the application version in the SN and the start image description is available in the cache memory.

Since the traffic channel is already allocated, the speech connection will be established immediately when the call is accepted locally in the IMS step The new session is closed by sending an Unbind operation step In this case, the IMS application version is equal to the application version in the service node and the start image description is available in the cache memory. The call is rejected and the signalling resource is released step The service node responds with the caller name and number step The call is transferred step and the predefined destinations related to call transfer are updated.

The service user requests the caller to hold the line step and the call is accepted after a while The service user requests the personal access application to play a predefined message to the caller step The scenario shown in FIG.

The service node detects that the call is accepted by monitoring the answer event. Mailbox-related services will now be described with reference to FIGS. After issuing a MailboxStatus invoke step , the service user selects to enquiry the voice mailbox about new messages step The service user selects to play the voice messages step The playing of the voice messages is controlled by DTMF signalling step When the service user selects to end the voice mail session, a ReleaseResource operation is sent to the SN step The service user selects to call the originator of the voice message or the number stated in the call log step Call setup proceeds as previously described in this document.

The image descriptions are available in the cache. After issuing an EnquiryMailbox invoke step and receiving the result step , the IMS issues a SendMessage invokd step to receive a fax. In response, one new fax message is forwarded step Updating of the routing table will now be described with reference to FIGS.

The service user modifies the routing table and the tables is saved in the service node steps and The service user selects one routing table and that routing table becomes active by means of the IMS issuing a SetActive RoutingTable invoke step Normally SMS is used as the notification medium. The information about the new message is fetched from the SN steps and The service user proceeds by enquiring the mailbox steps and The session continues as described in FIGS.

The invention has been described with reference to a particular embodiment. However, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that it is possible to embody the invention in specific forms other than those of the preferred embodiment described above.

This may be done without departing from the spirit of the invention. The preferred embodiment is merely illustrative and should not be considered restrictive in any way.

The scope of the invention is given by the appended claims, rather than the preceding description, and all variations and equivalents which fall within the range of the claims are intended to be embraced therein. In a communications system that includes a service node connected to an intelligent terminal by means of a limited bandwidth communications means, a method of providing a service to a user of the intelligent terminal, the method comprising the steps of: in the service node, analyzing an event to determine a primitive; using the limited bandwidth communications means to send a message to the intelligent terminal, wherein the message instructs the intelligent terminal to execute a routine corresponding to the primitive; and in the intelligent terminal, responding to the message by executing the routine corresponding to the primitive, wherein the step of sending the message to the intelligent terminal is performed independently of whether a speech connection is established on the limited bandwidth communications means.

The method of claim 1, wherein: the message further includes parameters; and the step of executing the routine corresponding to the primitive includes using the received parameters.

The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of executing the routine includes the step of presenting information to the user of the intelligent terminal. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of executing the routine includes the step of changing a state of the intelligent terminal.

The method of claim 1 , wherein the event is receipt of a message from the intelligent terminal, the message indicating that the user has activated a man- machine interface of the intelligent terminal. The method of claim 1, wherein the event is detection by the service node of an occurrence of something that affects the intelligent terminal.

The method of claim 6, wherein the occurrence is an incoming call directed at the intelligent terminal. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of, in the intelligent terminal, responding to the message by executing the routine corresponding to the primitive comprises the steps of: in the intelligent terminal, determining that execution of the routine requires the presence of a state table that is not presently stored in the intelligent terminal; using the limited bandwidth communications means to send a message from the intelligent terminal to the service node, wherein the message requests the state table; using the limited bandwidth communications means to send the requested state table from the service node to the intelligent terminal; and in the intelligent terminal, using the received state table to execute the routine.

The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of, in the intelligent terminal, performing menu-handling input and output functions between the intelligent terminal and the user without communicating with the service node. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of controlling intelligent terminal user input and output functions in accordance with a man-machine interface paradigm that is independent of the service being provided.

In a communications system that includes a service node connected to an intelligent terminal by means of a limited bandwidth communications means, a method of providing a service to a user of the intelligent terminal, the method comprising the steps of: in the intelligent terminal, analyzing an event to determine an action to be taken; using the limited bandwidth communications means to send an operation to the service node, wherein the operation corresponds to the action to be taken and instructs the service node to execute a routine corresponding to the operation; and in the service node, performing the action corresponding to the operation, and returning a result of the operation to the intelligent terminal via the limited bandwidth communications means, wherein the step of sending the operation to the service node is performed independently of whether a speech connection is established on the limited bandwidth communications means.

The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of: in the intelligent terminal, initiating a first session with the service node via the limited bandwidth communications means. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of, in the intelligent terminal, initiating a first session with the service node via the limited bandwidth communications means is performed in response to detection of an incoming call at the intelligent terminal.

The method of claim 12, wherein the step of, in the intelligent terminal, initiating a first session with the service node via the limited bandwidth communications means is performed in response to a detection that the user has activated a man-machine interface of the intelligent terminal.

The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of: in the service node, initiating a first session with the intelligent terminal via the limited bandwidth communications means.

The method of claim 15, wherein the step of, in the service node, initiating a first session with the intelligent terminal via the limited bandwidth communications means is performed in response to detection of an event directed at the intelligent terminal. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of initiating the first session with the service node comprises the step of negotiating between the intelligent terminal and the service node to ensure that resources that are to be used by the intelligent terminal and the service node are consistent with respect to one another.

The method of claim 12, wherein the step of initiating the first session with the service node includes the step of indicating a type of coding that is to be used in communications between the intelligent terminal and the service node.

The method of claim 18, wherein the type of coding is Packed Encoding Rules. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of initiating a second session between the intelligent terminal and the service node while maintaining the first session.

The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of sending an image description from the service node to the intelligent terminal, wherein the image description defines operations that are to be performed by the intelligent terminal. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of sending an image description from the service node to the intelligent terminal, wherein the image description defines information to be supplied to the user of the intelligent terminal.

The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of sending an image description from the service node to the intelligent terminal, wherein the image description defines one or more steps to be performed by the intelligent terminal in response to detection of an event in the intelligent terminal.

The method of claim 24, wherein the image description further defines information to be supplied to the user of the intelligent terminal. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of sending an image description from the service node to the intelligent terminal, wherein the image description defines one or more local terminal functions to be performed by the intelligent terminal in response to detection of an event in the intelligent terminal.

The method of claim 11, wherein the step of using the limited bandwidth communications means to send an operation to the service node comprises mapping the operation onto an “Unstructured Supplementary Services Data” protocol data unit. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of using the limited bandwidth communications means to send an operation to the service node comprises mapping the operation onto two or more “Unstructured Supplementary Services Data” protocol data units.

The method of claim 11, wherein the step of using the limited bandwidth communications means to send an operation to the service node comprises mapping the operation onto a Short Message Service protocol data unit. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of using the limited bandwidth communications means to send an operation to the service node comprises mapping the operation onto a protocol data unit of a lower layer protocol.

Ansible is a radically simple model-driven configuration management, multi-node deployment, and remote task execution system. Ansible works over SSH and does not require any software or daemons to be installed on remote nodes. Extension modules can be written in any language and are transferred to managed machines automatically. Ansible Container is a tool for building container images and orchestrating containers using Ansible playbooks.

A tool and python library that helps when interfacing with Ansible directly or as part of another system whether that be through a container image interface, as a standalone tool, or as a Python module that can be imported. The goal is to provide a stable and consistent interface abstraction to Ansible. This can allow Runner to notify other systems as Ansible jobs are run and to deliver key events to that system if it’s interested.

Anthy is a system for Japanese input method. It converts Hiragana text to Kana Kanji mixed text. Anyterm is a combination of a web page and a process that runs on your web server that provides this access.

Apache FreeMarker. Apache FreeMarker is a template engine: a Java library to generate text output HTML web pages, e-mails, configuration files, source code, etc. Apache Ant is a Java library and command-line tool whose mission is to drive processes described in build files as targets and extension points dependent upon each other.

Apache Commons BeanUtils provides an easy-to-use but flexible wrapper around reflection and introspection. The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal.

In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities. Apache Commons Daemon software is a set of utilities and Java support classes for running Java applications as server processes. These are commonly known as ‘daemon’ processes in Unix terminology hence the name. On Windows they are called ‘services’. The Apache Commons IO library contains utility classes, stream implementations, file filters, file comparators, endian transformation classes, and much more.

Apache Commons Lang, a package of Java utility classes for the classes that are in java. Apache Commons Logging is a thin adapter allowing configurable bridging to other, well known logging systems. The Apache Commons Math project is a library of lightweight, self-contained mathematics and statistics components addressing the most common practical problems not immediately available in the Java programming language or commons-lang.

Apache Commons Net library contains a collection of network utilities and protocol implementations. It also includes recipes for common use cases and extensions such as service discovery and a Java 8 asynchronous DSL.

Apache Flume is a distributed, reliable, and available service for efficiently collecting, aggregating, and moving large amounts of log data. It has a simple and flexible architecture based on streaming data flows. It is robust and fault tolerant with tunable reliability mechanisms and many failover and recovery mechanisms.

The system is centrally managed and allows for intelligent dynamic management. It uses a simple extensible data model that allows for online analytic application. The Apache Hadoop software library is a framework that allows for the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models.

It is designed to scale up from single servers to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage. Rather than rely on hardware to deliver high-availability, the library itself is designed to detect and handle failures at the application layer, so delivering a highly-available service on top of a cluster of computers, each of which may be prone to failures.

The Apache Hive data warehouse software facilitates querying and managing large datasets residing in distributed storage. The Apache HttpComponents project is responsible for creating and maintaining a toolset of low level Java components focused on HTTP and associated protocols. Apache Ivy is a tool for managing recording, tracking, resolving and reporting project dependencies, characterized by flexibility, configurability, and tight integration with Apache Ant.

Apache Maven plugin testing. The Maven Plugin Tools contains the necessary tools to generate rebarbative content like descriptor, help and documentation. In addition, it provides tools to write Maven Plugins in scripting languages like Ant or Beanshell.

This plugin provides the capability to package the artifact in an uber-jar, including its dependencies and to shade – i. Parquet-MR contains the java implementation of the Parquet format.

Parquet is a columnar storage format for Hadoop; it provides efficient storage and encoding of data. Parquet uses the record shredding and assembly algorithm described in the Dremel paper to represent nested structures. Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides high-level APIs in Scala, Java, Python, and R, and an optimized engine that supports general computation graphs for data analysis.

ZooKeeper is a centralized service for maintaining configuration information, naming, providing distributed synchronization, and providing group services. All of these kinds of services are used in some form or another by distributed applications.

Library for allowing AppArmor changehat function in Apache. This 3rd party module provides support for the FastCGI protocol. It allows the definition and use of macros within apache runtime configuration files. The syntax is a natural extension to apache html-like configuration style. It warrants the maximum stability because each server runs in its own process. If a process dies it will not affect other servers. The apmd program also lets you run arbitrary programs when APM events happen for example, you can eject PCMCIA devices when you suspend, or change hard drive timeouts when you connect the battery.

Recent Debian kernels are built with APM support but it is disabled by default. You may need to add this option to your lilo command line. The AppArmor Parser is a userlevel program that is used to load in program profiles to the AppArmor Security kernel module. This package is part of a suite of tools that used to be named SubDomain. This package provides the aa-logprof, aa-genprof, aa-autodep, aa-enforce, and aa-complain tools to assist with profile authoring.

Besides it provides the aa-unconfined server information tool and the aa-eventd event reporting system. It is part of a suite of tools that used to be named SubDomain. The mission of the Apache Portable Runtime APR project is to create and maintain software libraries that provide a predictable and consistent interface to underlying platform-specific implementations. The primary goal is to provide an API to which software developers may code and be assured of predictable if not identical behaviour regardless of the platform on which their software is built, relieving them of the need to code special-case conditions to work around or take advantage of platform-specific deficiencies or features.

Argus is an IP transaction auditing tool that categorizes IP packets which match the boolean expression into a protocol-specific network transaction model. Argus reports on the transactions that it discovers, as they occur. Designed to run as a daemon, argus generally reads packets directly from a network interface, and writes the transaction status information to a log file or open socket connected to an argus client such as ra 1. Argus can also be configured to write its transaction logs to stdout.

Argus runs as an application level daemon, promiscuously reading network datagrams from a specified interface, and generates network traffic audit records for the network activity that it encounters. Auditing records can be used to ensure that access control policies are being enforced, identify network problems such as denial of service attacks and more.

This package contains the client programs for the argus server. Please see the package argus-server for the appropriate server. From Debian 3. You do not need this program for normal network firewalling. It generates a log of observed pairing of IP addresses with MAC addresses along with a timestamp when the pairing appeared on the network.

You can build your complete setup with the GUI of the system, using the modules – generators, effects and output – connected to each other. It can either be used as a library or as an independent spell checker. Its main feature is that it does a superior job of suggesting possible replacements for a misspelled word than just about any other spell checker out there for the English language. Unlike Ispell, Aspell can also easily check documents in UTF-8 without having to use a special dictionary.

Aspell will also do its best to respect the current locale setting. Other advantages over Ispell include support for using multiple dictionaries at once and intelligently handling personal dictionaries when more than one Aspell process is open at once. AssertJ provides a rich and intuitive set of strongly-typed assertions to use for unit testing with JUnit, TestNG or any other test framework.

Knowing the behavior at-poke causes helps to improve software. The server is multi-threaded and the client presents a friendly interface using libreadline. The current server implementation lacks IPv6 support. ATK – Provides a set of interfaces for accessibility. The ATK library provides a set of interfaces for accessibility. By supporting the ATK interfaces, an application or toolkit canbe used such as tools such as screen readers, magnifiers, and alternative input devices. The goal of Atomic is to provide a high level, coherent entrypoint to the system, and fill in gaps.

For Docker, atomic can make it easier to interact with special kinds of containers, such as super-privileged debugging tools and the like. The atomic host subcommand wraps rpm-ostree, currently just providing a friendlier name, but in the future Atomic may provide more unified management. Atomicapp is a reference implementation of the Nulecule Specification. It can be used to bootstrap container applications and to install and run them.

Atomicapp is designed to be run in a container context. Examples using this tool may be found in the Nulecule examples directory. Extended attributes are name:value pairs associated permanently with files and directories, similar to the environment strings associated with a process.

An attribute may be defined or undefined. If it is defined, its value may be empty or non-empty. Extended attributes are extensions to the normal attributes which are associated with all inodes in the system i. They are often used to provide additional functionality to a filesystem – for example, additional security features such as Access Control Lists ACLs may be implemented using extended attributes. The Audio File Library handles reading and writing audio files in many common formats.

Key goals of the Audio File Library are file format transparency and data format transparency. The same calls for opening a file, accessing and manipulating audio metadata e. Likewise, the format of the audio data presented to the application need not be tied to the format of the data contained in the file.

The audit package contains the user space utilities for storing and searching the audit records generated by the audit subsystem in the Linux 2. The audit-libs package contains the dynamic libraries needed for applications to use the audit framework. Log keeper is a buffer that makes sure log messages are kept until requested and then safely delivered.

Autoconf is an extensible package of M4 macros that produce shell scripts to automatically configure software source code packages. These scripts can adapt the packages to many kinds of UNIX-like systems without manual user intervention. Autoconf creates a configuration script for a package from a template file that lists the operating system features that the package can use, in the form of M4 macro calls.

You should install GNU M4 at least version 1. The configuration scripts produced by Autoconf are self-contained, so their users do not need to have Autoconf or GNU M4. Automounters are available on most unices at least on all, that I tried. They provide access to file systems on demand, i. Automake requires the use of Autoconf. Autorun automagically recognises all available CDROMs in your system, mounts them upon insertion and executes a possible ‘autorun’ executable on the CD.

Avahi allows programs to publish and discover services and hosts running on a local network with no specific configuration. For example, a user can plug their computer into a network and Avahi automatically finds printers to print to, files to look at and people to talk to, as well as advertising the network services running on the machine.

Avalon-Framework is a small but vital jar file distributed by the Avalon project, and some associated documentation. Part of that lifecycle is support for Inversion of Control. Avro provides rich data structures, a compact, fast, binary data format, a container file to store persistent data, remote procedure calls and simple integration with dynamic languages.

Lightweight CLI download accelerator. Axel tries to accelerate the download process by using multiple connections per file, and can also balance the load between different servers.

NET allows you to build Azure applications that take advantage of scalable cloud computing resources. Babel is an integrated collection of utilities that assist in internationalizing and localizing Python applications, with an emphasis on web-based applications.

ModBackhand is an Apache module that provides load balancing and high availability features for a cluster of webservers. Because it is part of Apache it works on a HTTP request basis which also means it cannot be used for any other type of service, ie mail , this allows for smarter and more flexible distribution of requests.

It also allows for features not found in lower level balancers like the affinity for servers based on user session, thus easing application development or clustering of existing applications that don’t have a shared session system.

ModBackhand is also cross platform, allowing almost all Unices that run Apache to do the balancing and also support for Windows based application servers. ModBackhand allows you to also have the balancer on a machine which can also serve the actual requests, have it standalone on a machine with a stripped down Apache or even have multiple balancers for fault tolerance. It works by the participating servers in the cluster broadcasting Multicast can also be used for multiple clusters on the same network stats about themselves Load, CPU idle time, spare Apache processes, etc.

Banshee is packaged for many Linux distributions, and is even the default media player for several. Here you can learn how to install or update Banshee for your distribution. Disk Usage Analyzer also known as baobab scans folders, devices or remote locations and and reports on the disk space consumed by each element.

It provides both a tree-like and a graphical representation. Basesystem 8. Basesystem defines the components of a basic Red Hat Linux system for example, the package installation order to use during bootstrapping. Basesystem should be the first package installed on a system, and it should never be removed. Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file.

Bash also incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells ksh and csh. Bastille can also assess a system’s current state of hardening, granularly reporting on each of the security settings with which it works. Full Mac OS X is ready for download today. In its default hardening mode, it interactively asks the user questions, explains the topics of those questions, and builds a policy based on the user’s answers.

It then applies the policy to the system. In its assessment mode, it builds a report intended to teach the user about available security settings as well as inform the user as to which settings have been tightened. There are some similarities in the syntax to the C programming language. A standard math library is available by command line option. If requested, the math library is defined before processing any files. After all files have been processed, bc reads from the standard input.

All code is executed as it is read. If a file contains a command to halt the processor, bc will never read from the standard input.

This version of bc contains several extensions beyond traditional bc implementations and the POSIX draft standard. Command line options can cause these extensions to print a warning or to be rejected. This document describes the language accepted by this processor. Extensions will be identified as such. The Byte Code Engineering Library is intended to give users a convenient possibility to analyze, create, and manipulate binary Java class files those ending with.

Classes are represented by objects which contain all the symbolic information of the given class: methods, fields and byte code instructions, in particular. Beagle is a search system for Linux and other such modern Unix-like systems, enabling the user to search documents, chat logs, email and contact lists in a similar way to Spotlight in Mac OS X, and Windows Search or Google Desktop third party under Linux or Microsoft Windows. It is not actively developed.

Beagle grew out of Dashboard, an early Mono-based application for watching and presenting useful information from a user’s computer. Beagle includes a Gtk -based user interface, and integrates with Galago for presence information. Beagle was developed and maintained by Joe Shaw, with help from the open source community. BeeCrypt is an ongoing project to provide a strong and fast cryptography toolkit.

Includes entropy sources, random generators, block ciphers, hash functions, message authentication codes, multiprecision integer routines, and public key primitives. The Bftpd program is a small, flexible FTP server which is designed to work out of the box with little or no configuration required.

Most users in home and small office environments can simply install Bftpd without any manual configuration, Bftpd will automatically attempt to work as smoothly and securely as possible. Bftpd can work in a wide variety of environments, including on desktops, servers, embedded devices and media centres.

The service can be configured to run in read-only file systems, suitable for live CDs and demo discs. Users are free to add functionality to BIND 9 and contribute back to the community through their open Gitlab. The GNU Binary Utilities, or binutils, is a collection of programming tools for the manipulation of object code in various object file formats. The current versions were originally written by programmers at Cygnus Solutions using the Binary File Descriptor library libbfd.

Most of the binutils are rather simple programs. Most of the complexity is encapsulated in the Binary File Descriptor library and libopcodes libraries, which they share.

As of [update] the current maintainer is Nick Clifton. Binutils for Linux is maintained by H. This is necessary on systems where the BIOS name for a given device e. Bison is a general-purpose parser generator that converts an annotated context-free grammar into an LALR 1 or GLR parser for that grammar. Once you are proficient with Bison, you can use it to develop a wide range of language parsers, from those used in simple desk calculators to complex programming languages.

Bison is upward compatible with Yacc: all properly-written Yacc grammars ought to work with Bison with no change. Anyone familiar with Yacc should be able to use Bison with little trouble. BitBake is a generic task execution engine that allows shell and Python tasks to be run efficiently and in parallel while working within complex inter-task dependency constraints. One of BitBake’s main users, OpenEmbedded, takes this core and builds embedded Linux software stacks using a task-oriented approach.

Blam is a tool that helps you keep track of the growing number of news feeds distributed as RSS. Blam lets you subscribe to any number of feeds and provides an easy to use and clean interface to stay up to date. Shared libraries for blt This is the shared libraries for BLT. You should only need this if you are using programs which are linked to blt, or are developing programs in BLT. BLT is an extension to the Tk toolkit, adding new widgets, geometry managers, and miscellaneous commands.

It does not require any patching of the Tcl or Tk source files. This will be via the tcl stubs interface. As part of this process, blt8. This makes is a lot bigger than if you choose the library versions yourself, but means that you always have the version you need not always the case under the old system.

Hcidump lets you view raw HCI data to and from a Bluetooth device in a human readable way. Bluez-Pin is a very simple program which takes care of the PIN numbers used to pair Bluetooth devices. When a PIN is required for either an incoming or outgoing connection, it pops up a window to allow the code to be entered.

PINs can optionally be saved in a persistent database, for use with dumb devices e. It allows you to allocate memory basically as you normally would, without explicitly deallocating memory that is no longer useful. The collector automatically recycles memory when it determines that it can no longer be otherwise accessed. A simple example of such a use is given here. The collector is also used by a number of programming language implementations that either use C as intermediate code, want to facilitate easier interoperation with C libraries, or just prefer the simple collector interface.

For a more detailed description of the interface, see here. The beginnings of a frequently-asked-questions list are here. Exceptions are discussed in issues. Bogl-bterm 0. The bterm application is a terminal emulator that displays to a Linux frame buffer.

It is able to display Unicode text on the console. Bonobo is a set of language and system independent CORBA interfaces for creating reusable components controls and creating compound documents. Boo is a new object oriented statically typed programming language for the Common Language Infrastructure with a python inspired syntax and a special focus on language and compiler extensibility.

This package provides a boot script that is used for boot cycle detection to avoid unconditional reboot cycles on an unsupervised system. In computer jargon, Bootsplash is a term for a graphical representation of the boot process of the operating system. Breeze is a library for numerical processing.

It aims to be generic, clean, and powerful without sacrificing much efficiency. Utilities for configuring the Linux 2. This package contains utilities for configuring the Linux ethernet bridge. The Linux ethernet bridge can be used for connecting multiple ethernet devices together.

The connecting is fully transparent: hosts connected to one ethernet device see hosts connected to the other ethernet devices directly. Brotli is a generic-purpose lossless compression algorithm that compresses data using a combination of a modern variant of the LZ77 algorithm, Huffman coding and 2nd order context modeling, with a compression ratio comparable to the best currently available general-purpose compression methods. It is similar in speed with deflate but offers more dense compression.

A set of Java classes which provides scripting language support within Java applications, and access to Java objects and methods from scripting languages. BeanShell is a small, free, embeddable, Java source interpreter with object scripting language features, written in Java. A graphical bug reporting tool for GNOME The goal of bug-buddy is to make reporting bugs very simple and easy for the user, while making the reports themselves more useful and informative for the developer.

Tiny utilities for small and embedded systems. It provides minimalist replacements for the most common utilities you would usually find on your desktop system i. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts. This package installs the BusyBox binary but does not install symlinks for any of the supported utilities.

Busybox version designed for use with the RedHat installation program, anaconda. No independent upstream; busybox-anaconda is simply a rebuild of busybox with some very small default config changes, and is covered by the existing busybox listing. The parsers consist of a set of LALR 1 parsing tables and a driver routine written in the C programming language. Compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding. CAB files.

It can also look inside other files for embedded cabinets. The cachefilesd daemon manages the caching files and directory that are that are used by network file systems such a AFS and NFS to do persistent caching to the local disk.

Works like command line FTP clients. It is a set of extensions to the HTTP protocol which allows users to collaboratively edit and manage files on remote web servers.

Analyzes resource usage and performance characteristics of running containers cAdvisor Container Advisor provides container users an understanding of the resource usage and performance characteristics of their running containers. It is a running daemon that collects, aggregates, processes, and exports information about running containers. Specifically, for each container it keeps resource isolation parameters, historical resource usage, histograms of complete historical resource usage and network statistics.

This data is exported by container and machine-wide. Other container backends can also be added. Cairo is a 2D graphics library designed to provide high-quality display and print output.

A japanese input system server and dictionary. Canna is a Japanese input system available in Free Software. Canna provides a unified user interface for inputing Japanese. Canna supports Nemacs Mule , kinput2 and canuum. All of these tools can be used by a single customization file, romaji-to-kana conversion rules and conversion dictionaries, and input Japanese in the same way.

Canna converts kana to kanji based on a client-server model and supports automatic kana-to-kanji conversion. This package includes cannaserver program and dictionary files. Currently the main dictionary and suffix- and prefix-dictionaries contain over words.

This package contains the CAPI 2. CAPI 2. CapiSuite is an ISDN telecommunication suite providing easy-to-use telecommunication functions which can be controlled from Python scripts. CapiSuite is distributed with two example scripts for call incoming handling and fax sending. Additionally, you can also link secrets to one another. It speeds up recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again.

In addition to simple reading, cdparanoia adds extra-robust data verification, synchronization, error handling and scratch reconstruction capability. Other operating systems are using a library simulation of this driver. Scsibus, target and lun are integer numbers. Some operating systems or SCSI transport implementations may require to specify a filename in addition.

The creation of cdrkit was initiated by the Debian project, as a fork of cdrtools. Joerg Jaspert is cdrkit’s leader and release manager. Ceph is a distributed object store and file system designed to provide excellent performance, reliability and scalability. Certmonger is a service which is primarily concerned with getting your system enrolled with a certificate authority CA and keeping it enrolled.

It is used by AOP, testing, data access frameworks to generate dynamic proxy objects and intercept field access. This package contains checkpolicy, the SELinux policy compiler. Only required for building policies.

This implementation of chkconfig was inspired by the chkconfig command present in the IRIX operating system. This leaves all of the configuration information regarding what services init starts in a single location. As of Red Hat 6. This speeds up font rendering, and also allows use of font servers which are not running on the local host. This command only works in Linux, and the kernel must support the cifs filesystem. The Common Information Model CIM is an open standard that defines how managed elements in an IT environment are represented as a common set of objects and relationships between them.

This is intended to allow consistent management of these managed elements, independent of their manufacturer or provider. It’s a single file of C, and a single header file. C-Kermit is a combined network and serial communication software package offering a consistent, transport-independent, cross-platform approach to connection establishment, terminal sessions, file transfer, file management, character-set translation, numeric and alphanumeric paging, and automation of file transfer and management, dialogs, and communication tasks through its built-in scripting language.

It provides a number of utilities including a flexible and scalable multi-threaded daemon, a command line scanner and advanced tool for automatic database updates. The core of the package is an anti-virus engine available in a form of shared library. It is a companion project of the GNU Classpath project. The org. Clevis is a framework for automated decryption. It allows you to encrypt data using sophisticated unlocking policies which enable decryption to occur automatically.

It is used on the client side of network-bound disk encryption. Cloud-init is the de-facto multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance.

ClusterMon-The all in one cluster monitoring package that allows you to monitor all aspects of many clusters from one centralized location. Clutter-Gst is an integration library for using GStreamer with Clutter.

CMake is a family of tools designed to build, test and package software. CMake is used to control the software compilation process using simple platform and compiler independent configuration files.

CMAN is a symmetric, general-purpose, kernel-based cluster manager. It has two parts. Connection Manager cnxman handles membership, messaging, quorum, event notification and transitions.

A lightweight library to simplify and generalize the process of writing unit tests for C applications. Cogl is a small open source library for using 3D graphics hardware for rendering. It has a flexible plug-in system and it is designed to run well on most graphics hardware. ConCoord is a novel coordination service that provides replication and synchronization support for large-scale distributed systems.

Guided by both the technological and sociological challenges of such a computing environment, the Condor Team has been building software tools that enable scientists and engineers to increase their computing throughput. Conga is an integrated set of software components that provides centralized configuration and management of Red Hat clusters and storage.

Globbing is used by default to match console names against the configuration, but regular expression matching can be enabled with the ‘-r’ option. Conmon is a monitoring program and communication tool between a container manager like Podman or CRI-O and an OCI runtime like runc or crun for a single container. The conntrack-tools are a set of free software userspace tools for Linux that allow system administrators interact with the Connection Tracking System, which is the module that provides stateful packet inspection for iptables.

The conntrack-tools are the userspace daemon conntrackd and the command line interface conntrack. Conserver is an application that allows multiple users to watch a serial console at the same time. It can log the data, allows users to take write-access of a console one at a time , and has a variety of bells and whistles to accentuate that basic functionality.

The idea is that conserver will log all your serial traffic so you can go back and review why something crashed, look at changes if done on the console , or tie the console logs into a monitoring system just watch the logfiles it creates. With multi-user capabilities you can work on equipment with others, mentor, train, etc. It also does all that client-server stuff so that, assuming you have a network connection, you can interact with any of the equipment from home or wherever.

Container Network Interface is a specification and libraries for writing plugins to configure network interfaces in Linux containers, along with a number of supported plugins. Contour is an open source Kubernetes ingress controller providing the control plane for the Envoy edge and service proxy. Is a software utility that allows you to quickly and easily access the most frequently used applications.

This comes in very handy if, for example, one switches from an 8-bit locale to an UTF-8 locale or changes charsets on Samba servers. It has some smart features: it automagically recognises if a file is already UTF-8 encoded thus partly converted filesystems can be fully moved to UTF-8 and it also takes care of symlinks.

Convmv can also be used for case conversion from upper to lower case and vice versa with virtually any charset. Note that this is a command line tool which requires at least Perl version 5. CoolKeys are part of complete PKI solution that provides smart card login, single sign-on, secure messaging, and secure email access. It is designed to work with a kubernetes or cloud provider environment. These are the GNU core utilities.

This package is the union ofthe old GNU fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils packages. These tools’re the GNU versions of common useful and popularfile and text utilities which are used for:- file management- shell scripts- modifying text file spliting, joining, comparing, modifying, Most of these programs have significant advantages over their Unix counterparts, such as greater speed, additional options, and fewer arbitrary limits.

The following tools are included: basename cat chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp csplit cut date dd df dir dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr factor false fmt fold ginstall groups head hostid hostname id join kill link ln logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mv nice nl nohup od paste pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd rm rmdir seq sha1sum shred sleep sort split stat stty su sum sync tac tail tee test touch tr true tsort tty uname unexpand uniq unlink uptime users vdir wc who whoami yes.

GNU cpio copies files into or out of a cpio or tar archive. Archives are files which contain a collection of other files plus information about them, such as their file name, owner, timestamps, and access permissions. The archive can be another file on the disk, a magnetic tape, or a pipe. By default, cpio creates binary format archives, so that they are compatible with older cpio programs. When it is extracting files from archives, cpio automatically recognizes which kind of archive it is readingand can read archives created on machines with a different byte-order.

Install cpio if you need a program to manage file archives. For a quick tour of unit testing with CppUnit, see the Cookbook in the latest documentation. This conversion overwrites the original files, so make a backup copy of your files in case something goes wrong. Set of utilities designed to assist CPU frequency scaling, a technology used primarily by notebooks that enables the operating system to scale the CPU speed up or down, depending on the current system load.

Linux kernel driver to control the CPU frequency. It is included in all recent kernels and enabled by default by recent distributions. Note that only such processors support frequency scaling. CrackLib tests passwords to determine whether they match certainsecurity-oriented characteristics, with the purpose of stopping users from choosing passwords that are easy to guess. CrackLib performs several tests on passwords: it tries to generate words from a username and gecos entry and checks those words against the password; it checksfor simplistic patterns in passwords; and it checks for the password in a dictionary.

CrackLib is actually a library containing a particular C function which is used to check the password, as well as other Cfunctions. CrackLib is not a replacement for a passwd program; it must be used in conjunction with an existing passwd program. Install the cracklib package if you need a program to check users’passwords to see if they are at least minimally secure. If you install CrackLib, you will also want to install the cracklib-dicts package.

A kernel debugging utility, allowing gdb like syntax. The core analysis suite is a self-contained tool that can be used to investigate either live systems, kernel core dumps created from the Kernel Core Dump patch offered by Mission Critical Linux, or kernel core dumps created by the LKCD patch offered by SGI. In addition, any gdb command may be entered, which in turn will be passed onto the gdb module for execution. Adding a new command is a simple affair, and a quick recompile adds it to the command menu.

CRDA acts as the udev helper for communication between the kernel and userspace for regulatory compliance. It relies on nl for communication.

Using this functionality, application or container live migration, snapshots, remote debugging, and many other things are now possible.

This package contains a utility for configuring encrypted home directories and LUKS partitions. This package also contains a pam module that syncs a user’s UNIX password with the password used to encrypt their home directory. Cryptsetup is a utility used to conveniently setup disk encryption based on dm-crypt kernel module.

LUKS is the standard for Linux hard disk encryption. By providing a standard on-disk-format, it does not only facilitate compatibility among distributions, but also provides secure management of multiple user passwords. In contrast to existing solution, LUKS stores all setup necessary setup information in the partition header, enabling the user to transport or migrate his data seamlessly. While LUKS is a standard on-disk format, there is also a reference implementation.

LUKS for dm-crypt is implemented in an enhanced version of cryptsetup. Interactively examine a C program source cscope is an interactive, screen-oriented tool that allows the user to browse through C source files for specified elements of code. This tag file allows these items to be quickly and easily located by a text editor or other utility. Alternatively, ctags can generate a cross reference file which lists, inhuman readable form, information about the various source objects found in a set of language files.

Cumin is the MRG management web console. CUnit is a lightweight system for writing, administering, and running unit tests in C.

It provides C programmers a basic testing functionality with a flexible variety of user interfaces. The command is designed to work without user interaction or any kind of interactivity.

This package is able to handle SSL requests only if installed together with libcurl2-ssl. CVS means Concurrent Version System; it is a version control system which can record the history of your files usually,but not always, source code. CVS only stores the differences between versions, instead of every version of every fileyou’ve ever created.

CVS also keeps a log of who, when and why changes occurred, among other aspects. CVS is very helpful for managing releases and controllingthe concurrent editing of source files among multipleauthors. Instead of providing version control for a collection of files in a single directory, CVS providesversion control for a hierarchical collection ofdirectories consisting of revision controlled files.

These directories and files can then be combined togetherto form a software release. Install the cvs package if you need to use a version control system.

Cython is an optimising static compiler for both the Python programming language and the extended Cython programming language based on Pyrex. It makes writing C extensions for Python as easy as Python itself. Dante is a free implementation of the proxy protocols socks version 4, socks version 5 rfc and msproxy.

It can be used as a firewall between networks. Commercial support is available. Dasher is a computer accessibility tool which enables users to write without using a keyboard, by entering text on a screen using a pointing device such as a mouse, a touchpad, a touch screen, a roller ball, a joystick, a Push-button, a Wii Remote, or even mice operated by the foot or head.

Such instruments could serve as prosthetic devices for disabled people who cannot use standard keyboards, or where the use of one is impractical. DataNucleus core persistence support – the basis for anything in DataNucleus. This is built using Maven, by executing mvn clean install which installs the built jar in your local Maven repository.

Dbopen is the library interface to database files. The supported file formats are btree, hashed and UNIX file oriented. The btree format is a representation of a sorted, balanced tree structure. The hashed format is an extensible, dynamic hashing scheme. The flat-file format is a byte stream file with fixed or variable length records. The formats and file format specific information are described in detail in their respective manual pages btree 3 , hash 3 and recno 3.

This package contains the libraries for building programs which use the Berkeley DB in Java. Userspace service that provides access to the webOS database. Access to the database APIs is provided over the luna-service bus. Desktop Bus is a simple inter-process communication IPC system for software applications to communicate with one another. D-Bus add-on library to integrate the standard D-Bus library with the GLib thread abstraction and main loop.

It was originally written by Paul Burry and is now maintained by developers for ddclient on sourceforge. It has the capability to update more than just dyndns and it can fetch your WAN-ipaddress in a few different ways.

Check the configuration pages to find how to do this. Framework for running test suites on software tools. DejaGnu is a framework for testing other programs.

Its purpose is to provide a single front end for all tests. DejaGnu provides a layer of abstraction which allows you to write tests that are portable to any host or target where a program must be tested. All tests have the same output format. This makes it possible to recreate the new RPM from the deltarpm and the old one.

The package also contains tools for creating and applying delta ISOs. DES Data Encryption Standard : A controversial IBM developed encryption technique that was adopted by the US government for non-classified information, and widely used by financial institutions to transfer large sums of money electronically.

Critics charge that DES technology was deliberately weakened so the government would be able to break DES-encoded messages when it chose to do so. This package contains desktop-file-validate which checks whether a.

The devfsd programme is a daemon, run by the system bootscripts which can provide for intelligent management ofdevice entries in the Device Filesystem devfs. As part of its setup phase devfsd creates certain symbolic links which are compiled into the code.

This behaviour may change in future revisions. For each change operation, devfsd can take many actions. The daemon will normally run itself in the background and send messages to syslog. If you use gtk-doc with your project, you can use Devhelp to browse the documentation.

In the Linux kernel, the device-mapper serves as a generic framework to map one block device onto another. Device-mapper works by processing data passed in from a virtual block device, that it itself provides, and then passing the resultant data on to another block device.

An interface for interacting with and collecting measurements from a variety of devices such as mobile phones, tablets and development boards running a Linux-based operating system. The dev package is a basic part of your Red Hat Linux system and it needs to be installed.

The Dynamic Host Configuration protocol allows the client to receive options from the DHCP server describing the network configuration and various services that are available on the network. When configuring dhcpd 8 or dhclient 8 , options must often be declared.

The syntax for declaring options, and the names and formats of the options that can be declared, are documented here. Computers that are connected to IP networks must be configured before they can communicate with other computers on the network. DHCP allows a computer to be configured automatically, eliminating the need for intervention by a network administrator.

It also provides a central database for keeping track of computers that have been connected to the network. This prevents two computers from accidentally being configured with the same IP address. Alternatively IPv6 hosts may use stateless address autoconfiguration to generate an IP address.

IPv4 hosts may use link-local addressing to achieve limited local connectivity. Although IPv6’s stateless address autoconfiguration removes the primary motivation for DHCP in IPv6, DHCPv6 can still be used to assign addresses statefully if the network administrator desires more control over addressing. It can also be used to distribute other configuration information as is the practice in IPv4.

A notable case are Domain Name System servers used on a network, albeit other mechanism exist for this in the Neighbor Discovery Protocol. Dia is used to create diagrams. A sheet is a collection of tools that are used in a certain type of diagram. Lines can be connected to these handles and this way graph structures can be formed.

When objects are moved or resized the connections will follow the objects. Diagrams drawn in Dia can be exported PostScript. Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts This application provides a method of displaying several different types of dialog boxes from shell scripts. This allows a developer of a script to interact with the user in a much friendlier manner. It was developed by Felix von Leitner with the goal to compile and link programs to the smallest possible size.

It is mainly used in embedded devices. The diff command compares files line by line. Diffstat reads theoutput of the diff command and displays a histogram of the insertions, deletions, and modifications in each file.

Diffstat is commonly used to provide a summary of the changes in large, complex patch files. Install diffstat if you need a program which provides a summary of the diff command’s output. You also need to install diffutils. Diffutils includes four utilities: diff, cmp, diff3 and sdiff. Diff3 can be used when two people have made independent changes to a common original; diff3 can produce a merged file that contains both persons’ changes and warnings about conflicts.

Install diffutils if you need to compare text files. The photos are organized in albums which can be sorted chronologically, by folder layout or by custom collections. You tag your images which can be spread out across multiple folders, and digiKam provides fast and intuitive ways to browse these tagged images.

You can also add comments to your images. These plugins add new image treatment options like color management, filters, or special effects.

DirectFB is a thin library that provides hardware graphics acceleration, input device handling and abstraction, integrated windowing system with support for translucent windows and multiple display layers, not only on top of the Linux Framebuffer Device. It is a complete hardware abstraction layer with software fallbacks for every graphics operation that is not supported by the underlying hardware.

DirectFB adds graphical power to embedded systems and sets a new standard for graphics under Linux. The ‘rules’ for this is defined in RFC DirMngr is either invoked internally by gpgsm or when running as a system daemon through the dirmngr-client tool. The distcache architecture provides a protocol and set of accompanying tools to allow applications, and indeed machines, to share session state between them by way of a network service.

A distributed lock manager DLM provides distributed software applications with a means to synchronize their accesses to shared resources. DLMs have been used as the foundation for several successful clustered file systems, in which the machines in a cluster can use each other’s storage via a unified file system, with significant advantages for performance and availability.

The main performance benefit comes from solving the problem of disk cache coherency between participating computers. The DLM is used not only for file locking but also for coordination of all disk access. Desktop Management Interface DMI Standards generate a standard framework for managing and tracking components in a desktop pc, notebook or server.

DMI was the first desktop management standard. This information typically includes system manufacturer, model name, serial number, BIOS version, asset tag as well as a lot of other details of varying level of interest and reliability depending on the manufacturer.

This will often include usage status for the CPU sockets, expansion slots e. See option -l for supported metadata formats. RaidSetName starts with the format name see -l option which can be used to access all RAID sets of a specific format easily with certain options.

It does package management using RPM, libsolv and hawkey libraries. Core Plugins for DNF. This package enhance DNF with builddep, config-manager, copr, debuginfo-install, download, needs-restarting, repoquery and reposync commands. It can be used for queries, zone transfers, and dynamic updates. It includes a cache which can be used by clients, and a minimal implementation of a server.

It can serve the names of local machines which are not in the global DNS. There’s also a utility to compare two SGML files and only display the differences in markup.

This is useful for comparing documents prepared for different languages. Dockutils is a collection of scripts providing an infrastructure to easily trigger actions on docking requests for different laptops.

It is a full-featured system, and has been hardened by real-world deployments. It supports all aspects of certificate lifecycle management, including key archival, OCSP and smartcard management, and much more. The Dogtag Certificate System can be downloaded for free and set up in less than an hour. Is a GUI test tool and automation framework written in Python.

It uses Accessibility a11y technologies to communicate with desktop applications. NET is a fast, lightweight and modular open-source platform, created by Microsoft, for creating cross platform applications. NET Core is a cross-platform. This repo aggregates the.

NET Toolchain, the. NET Core runtime, the templates, and the. It produces zip, tarballs, and native packages for various supported platforms.

This repo contains the code to build the. NET runtime, libraries and shared host dotnet installers for all supported platforms, as well as the sources to.