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Another way of achieving this result, and forcing machines to use a specific certificate for RDP…is via a simple WMIC command from an elevated prompt, or you can use PowerShell.
 
 

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By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. Using establishment data from the ITES Information Technology Enabling Service Industry appraisal, this paper estimates the determinants of performance appraisal systems. On the basis of performance appraisal by their higher authorities, superior, peer group, self evaluation and customers the individual performance has been evaluated.

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Hossain, D. Peace Okougbo. Dibyendu Choudhury. Jyoti K Chandel. Sudhir Warier. Amresh Kumar. Shahid Ilyas. Dharmesh Motwani. Jacob Nunoo. Ilango Ponnuswami. Lokanadha Reddy Reddy. Munish Kapila. Http://replace.me/12069.txt T Basavarajappa. Http://replace.me/24169.txt Imran. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer.

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I hereby affirm that the contents of this manuscript are original. Furthermore, it has neither been published elsewhere in any language fully or partly, nor is it under review for publication elsewhere. I affirm that all the author s have seen and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript and their inclusion of name s as co-author s.

It should be bold typed, centered and fully capitalised. It must be centered underneath the title. Abbreviations must be mentioned in full. These should be arranged in alphabetic order separated by commas and full stops at the end. It should be typed in 8 point Calibri Font with page numbers at the bottom and centre of every page.

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Double quotation marks are used for titles of journal articles, book chapters, dissertations, reports, working papers, unpublished material, etc. It has changed the whole concept of the learning process that is why; its popularity is growing quite fast. In fact, e-learning is a very interactive and creative way of learning. Government has taken many initiatives in e-learning project in last few years to upgrade education system in the country.

In this article researcher has tried to find out the efficiency and performance of these e-learning projects in India. It is the good option to bridge the digital gap. E-Learning or electronic windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews – windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews constitutes all forms of knowledge transfer including web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual education opportunities and digital collaboration.

It essentially relates to the computer and network-enabled transfer of skills and knowledge. Today e-Learning has integrated into every sphere where knowledge transfer is existent, be it in elementary schools, high schools, colleges, companies and more. As, internet access grows across the globe, new users of e-Learning join the bandwagon with hefty investments into the e-tools of knowledge.

Now days government is also taking initiative in e-learning project to improve education level in the country. There are private companies and universities who are running e-learning projects for the betterment of the students.

Universities are introducing distance courses through online classes to spread education to each and every corner of the country. Students are motivated to enroll in such kind of courses due to flexibility of the time and place. Young generation who is tech-savy is taking good advantage of these kind of projects for their knowledge enhancement.

These all are the world famous projects in the area of e-learning. All these courses are on undergraduate engineering topics, and made to meet most of the requirements of an engineering undergraduate program at any Indian university.

These courses are available to students, working professionals and colleges both government- aided and private at virtually no cost or very low cost. There is collaboration with US universities also, and the project was expected to expand to universities. It was based on technological support from ISRO.

BITS has been one of the pioneers http://replace.me/2912.txt distance education. BITS has been providing courses for working professionals in distance education mode leveraging technology.

This Virtual University system has led to the commencement of 10 joint degrees, post graduate and Ph. D programmes. It provides a host of teaching and learning solutions windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews – windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews includes rich media digital learning materials such as video tutorials and assessments to больше на странице students comprehend and internalize abstract learning concepts.

Educomp Online is a virtual school for Educomp smartclass schools. A portal for students, teachers, parents and schools, it http://replace.me/20884.txt the smartclass нажмите для продолжения with a degree learning experience. Educomp works closely with schools to implement innovative models to create and deliver content to enhance student learning.

Some e-learning companies focus on diversified target segments and a few players focus on a specific e-learning sector. The following is a list of some prominent e-learning companies in India. This company is a pioneer in Indian e-learning industry and provides specialized learning solutions for corporations, government sectors, colleges, schools, and individuals.

NIIT acquired ElementK, a leading US-based e-learning company, which provides a tailored catalogue of courses to читать статью clients across the globe. IBM has also setup a Knowledge factory at its Bangalore location to analyze the external and internal training requirements and provide innovative-learning solutions.

This company had a steady growth over years and has around multi-disciplinary specialists today across the globe. Download windows 10 pro 19 years of experience, this company has established its presence worldwide and has developed e-learning content across projects to cater corporate, education, and government sectors.

SkillSoft’s Books24x7 is one of the largest online, on-demand book resources with more than 20, titles. It provides on-demand e-learning and performance support solutions to global destinations and local Indian clients in key cities of India, such as Windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews – windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews, Bangalore, Delhi, and Hyderabad.

With eight years of experience in this domain, Sify e-learning has developed over hours training so windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews – windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews and it focuses more on the corporate sector. Apart from e-learning services, this company also provides translation and localization services.

This company has opened a translation institute in India, Aksharmala, to provide professional translation services for Indic languages. This Delhi-based education company is the largest provider of technology education and learning services for the K market in India. It serves approximately eight million students worldwide and employs around employees.

It also provides online tutoring services since This company provides 24×7 personalized online tutoring services to students from K12 to graduate level across the globe. This company has its corporate headquarters at Pune, and also has units established in Mumbai and US locations.

 

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Microsoft has released the second SCCM version for SCCM has been released on April 8th, Thank you current branch naming. SCCM is not a baseline version. You must run the opt-in script to see it appear in the console. Keeping your infrastructure up to date is essential and recommended. You will benefit from the new features and fixes, which some of them windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews – windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews apply to your environment.

SCCM includes fewer new features and enhancements than its predecessors. There are still new features that touch site infrastructure, content management, client management, co-management, application management, operating system deployment, software updates, reporting, and configuration manager console.

Ensure to apply this update before you fall into an unsupported SCCM version. Read about the support end date of the prior version of the following Technet article. Older SCCM version was giving a warning during the Prerequisite check but is giving an error that prevents the installation from continuing.

Plan to upgrade database servers in your environment, including SQL Server Express at secondary sites. Downloading and installing this update is done entirely from the console.

After the CAS upgrade, you can begin the upgrade of each child site. Complete the upgrade of each site before you begin to upgrade to the next site. Until all sites in your hierarchy are upgraded, your hierarchy operates in a mixed version mode. Before applying this update, we strongly recommend that you go through the upgrade checklist provided on Technet. Most importantly, initiate a site backup before you upgrade. Configuration Manager current branch version has a warning prerequisite rule that checks for Microsoft.

NET Framework version 4. This version windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews – windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews. NET is required on site servers, specific site systems, clients, and the Configuration Manager console. Starting in this release, this prerequisite rule for. NET 4. Until you upgrade. When the Configuration Manager client updates to version or later, client notifications are dependent upon.

Until you update. NET to version 4. Other client-side functionality may be affected until the device is updated and restarted. For more information, see More details about Microsoft. In this post, we will update a stand-alone primary site server, consoles, and clients. Before installing, check if your site is ready for the update:. The SCCM update is not yet available for everyone. If you need it right away you can run the Fast-Ring script and the update will show up.

Before 10 iso download windows itasca txdmv 1703 the update, we recommend launching the prerequisite check first. To see the prerequisite checklist, see the Microsoft Documentation. We are now ready to launch the SCCM update. At this point, plan about 45 minutes to install the update. Unfortunately, the status is not updated in real-time. Use the Refresh button to update the view. There are actually no officially documented methods by Microsoft to fix that.

Patience is the key! As a previous update, the console has an auto-update feature. At the console opening, if you are not running the latest version, you will receive a warning and the update will start automatically. After setup is completed, verify the build number of the console. If the console upgrade was successful, the build number will be and the version is now Version The client version will be updated to 5. Boot images will automatically update during setup.

See our post on upgrade consideration in a large environment to avoid this if you have multiple distribution points.

Our preferred way to update our clients is by using the Client Upgrade feature: You can refer to our complete post documenting this feature.

If you disabled database maintenance tasks at a site before installing the update, reconfigure those tasks. Use the same settings that were in place before the update. You can see our SCCM Client version reports to give detailed information about every client version in your environment. In conclusion, you can create a collection that targets clients without the latest client version because is very useful when it comes to monitoring a non-compliant client.

New build releases add new features, quality updates, and bug fixes. You may also need to identify the Windows version in a migration project or to plan your patch management deployments. For example, Windows 11 22H1 would mean that it was released in 20 22 download ms office full version bagas31 premiere meaning the first half of the year.

Where it gets more complicated is the Windows 11 revision or build number which is different depending on the patch applied to the OS. The first Windows 11 revision number was All KB and revision windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews – windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews are documented on Microsoft Documentation. On a device running Windows 11 or Windows 10, you can run winver in a command window.

You can also use this useful Powershell script from Trevor Jones. The script will show you:. You can use various tools in the SCCM console to do so.

If you want to create collections based on Windows 10 versions, you can use our set of Operational Collections or use this query. You only need to change your version number at the end of the query. The Windows servicing information is spread across many views.

If you need to build a Windows 10 report you can use these views to get your information. With time, I added more and more collections to the script. Fast forward to today, the script now contains collections and has been downloaded more windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews – windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews 75 times making this PowerShell script my most downloaded contribution to the community.

The collections are set to refresh on a 7 days schedule. Once created, you can use these collections to have a quick overview of your devices.

You can also use these collections to create deployment collections by using limiting collections on these ones. The script will detect if the collection has already been created. It will give a warning and create only new collections that have been added since the last time the script is run. If you are comfortable with editing scripts, you can comment out any unwanted collections using at each line of the section. Extra hint: You can also verify if your collection has been created properly http://replace.me/15653.txt your collections with our Configuration Manager — Collections report.

Simply sort the report by the Operational folder name. If you want to add a collection to the смотрите подробнее, feel free to contact me using our social media or use the comment section. It will be our pleasure to add it to the next version. The reason to Customize Windows Start Menu is a must for any organization to deploy a standard workstation and remove any unwanted software from it.

Sometimes Microsoft makes small changes under the hood and windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews – windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews hardly be windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews – windows 10 1703 download iso itarget reviews unless an issue comes up to flag those changes.

Windows 11 which came out recently share the same mechanism as Windows 10 when it comes to the Start Menu thus, this post can be used for Windows Microsoft added the following note to the start menu layout modification documentation after the release. Following our previous posts on Windows 10 Customization and детальнее на этой странице to modify the taskbar configurationwe will detail how to configure the start menu and taskbar with the latest indication from Microsoft.

Once this is completed it can be added to your SCCM task sequence like we explain in our previous posts. Comanagement enables some interesting features like conditional access, remote actions with Intune, and provisioning using AutoPilot.

This is great to slowly phase into Intune. Microsoft provides a great diagram that explains how the workload is managed when co-management is activated. The co-management provides the ability to offload some workload to Intune. There are 3 categories of workloads :. The co-management is designed to allow administrators to Pilot to specific computers before completely offloading a workload to Intune, allowing a smooth transition. After MDM managed.

More details about switching workload to Intune on Microsoft learn. In this post, we will be looking at using SCCM dynamic queries to populate collections in our deployments. As an SCCM administrator, you most likely had to plan out mass deployments to all your servers or workstations or even both. How did you go ahead and populate your collections?

Since the introduction of SCCMwe now have a multitude of options, most notably:.

 
 

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Pell, M. Nairobi, Kenya: E. Educational Publishers. World Bank, Economic Crisis in a Globalized World. Yahie, MM. Yahya, S.

Kualar Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Management review. We collected data through structured questionnaires from customers of Amazon. We examined the relationship between independent variables i.

This research study basically tries to find out the importance of electronic commerce tools and preferences of the customers of Amazon. Sample of customers was taken to measure the extent of relationship among variables. We used t test, regression and correlation to test our hypothesis whether the relationship among variables is positive or either negative.

The results of the study show that there is positive and significant relationship among independent variables i.

Care, customization, contact interactively and dependent variable i. The selling and purchasing of products with the help of electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks is known as electronic commerce Mariga, Electronic commerce includes online development of entire system of purchasing and selling, promoting and distributing. The buying and selling of products conducted by electronic means has grown extremely with extensive use of Internet.

There are different practices of electronic commerce in different industries such as electronic funds transfer, e marketing, online transaction processing, supply chain management, inventory management systems, and automated fund collection systems suggested by Lendrum, Electronic commerce is usually conducted with the usage of World Wide Web, e-mail, mobile devices and telephones.

The paper begins with the reviewing the basic definition of electronic commerce and customers loyalty. Electronic commerce is defined by the Applegate et al, , Electronic Commerce is more than simple purchasing and selling of services and goods by using electronic means, it also includes electronic communication and all other actions which add value to the whole supply chain.

Kuehn, is also said that it is a probability of product purchase. Customization Customization refers to offer customized products to the customers according to the requirement of every individual customer. Wind, suggested that the companies which do not provide customized products can lose its customers. The main objective of offer the customized products are to increase the satisfaction of the customers.

A research study conducted by Fung, found that customization of the products on website and customer e loyalty is strongly associated with each other. By personalizing its site, an e-retailer can minimize this dissatisfaction. Customization also creates the understanding of better choice by facilitate a quick focus on what the customer actually desires Shostak, Contact interactivity Numerous researchers have conducted research the significance of interactivity and its relationship with customer loyalty in electronic commerce.

Contact interactivity refers to the participation and engagement between e tailor and customer through its website. Alba et al, also told that contact interactivity has positive relationship with customer loyalty. The basic aims are as follows: To identify the importance of Electronic Commerce Practices in Pakistan. Data collected from those people who are the customers of Amazon. To assurance that specific sample within a population is sufficiently represented the whole population. Stratified sampling was used to collect data.

A structured questionnaire was filled from respondents. This sample was constructed from the total Amazon customers in the city of Rawalpindi. Kahn, suggested that customization of the products effect the customer e loyalty. Large selection of the products can confuse the customer to take decision of the purchase. Srinivasan et al suggested that contact interactively affects the customer e loyalty.

He told that when a customer purchases a book from tradition book store then there is a limited option available for customers to evaluate the book. In the case of online buying of the book he can read the comments and reviews of the other user of the book that make easy to take decision about the product. Due to these reasons there is required to contact interactively with customers. It helps to tailor the products according to the desires and preferences of the customers. Lii et al, revealed that contact interactively is directly linked with customer e loyalty and it increases the e loyalty of the customers.

Care and Customer E Loyalty: According to the findings of Rummel, social relationship with customers and communities effect on customers e loyalty.

The customer care increased the e loyalty of the customers. SS Srinivasana et al, pointed out that relationship with community members, providing the advice and information increases the e loyalty of customers. Do the Electronic Commerce Practices increases the satisfaction and loyalty of customers towards organization? What types of Electronic Commerce Practices most valued and desired by the customers?

Deviation E -Loyalty 3. Similar is there the case with contact interactively, care and E. While standard deviation shows degree of variation in care is. Loyalty with contact interactively, care and customization. The Pearson correlation analysis shows that the correlation among independent and dependent variables. The value. E Loyalty. The other independent variables such as Contact interactively and care shows the values.

Value of R represents the relationship between Contact interactively, customization, care and E Loyalty. R square represents that overall Adjusted R square represents that there is Mean square MS is calculated by dividing the value of sum of squares by the values of degree of freedom, it will also give mean but in square form.

Further value of F represents the fitness goodness of model by showing value of And what types of Electronic Commerce Practices most valued and desired by the customers? This research study proves that the use of electronic commerce practices such as care, contact interactively and customization increases the satisfaction and loyalty of the customers.

This research study also suggested that contact interactively is most desirable by the Amazon customers. Anyhow some cultural factors may also effect on customization, contact interactively, care and customer e loyalty.

Different researchers have recommended that initiatives such as improving the look of the storefront and the positive appearance of service employees will enhance the loyalty of customers in the traditional retail system. However, there are number of variables distinctive to e-retailing that have not been assessed in the previous customer loyalty literature.

This research study has identified three factors that affect e-loyalty of customers. Three factors considered, customization, contact interactivity and care were found to have a significant impact on e-loyalty. E-loyalty demonstrated the highest elasticity with respect to contact interactively and care. If the companies use these variables such as care, customization and contact interactivity then the customers will be more satisfied and loyal to the company.

From a managerial perspective, e-retailers can launch early warning systems based on continuously measuring customer perceptions. So that management can take appropriate remedial action when any of these dimensions is perceived as falling below an acceptable level. We considered three factors i. There could be some other factors such as trust, Community, Convenience and choice used to explore the more accurate results.

I like this website 2. I am considering switching to another website for online buying. I could switch website to purchase products. Whenever I need to make a purchase, I would use this website.

Whenever I made online purchase, I preferred this website to purchase the products. This website is the best online buying website. This is my favorite website for online purchasing. Customization 8. This website offers that products which match my needs. This website offers unique products for me. This website offers customized products.

The advertisement of this website makes sense that it offers tailored products according to my needs. Contact Interactively There is a search tools which helps me to search a desired product from website.

This website provides enough information about the products. I believed that this website is user friendly. This website helps me to take purchase decision. This website is not an engaging website. Care This website delivers the products in time. I feel uncomfortable during the process of busying the product. I feel that this website does not solve customers query in time.

Customers can provide their feedback on this website about the products. I face online payment problem last time when I made a purchase from this website. Applegate M. L Macfarlan W. F and Mackenny J. Bolton, Ruth N.

Feinberg, Richard J. Julie R. IRM Press. Kahn, Barbara E. Dynamic relationships with customers: high-variety strategies, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26 Winter , 45— Lidsky, David Lii, H. Lim, and L. Tseng, The effects of web operational factors on marketing performance, Journal of Amercian Academy of Business, 5 1 , Lipstein, Benjamin Poleretzky, Zoltan Punj, Girish N.

Salvati, Tony Schrage, Michael Shostak, G. Lynn Srini S. Journal of Retailing 78, pp Fung, Banking with a personalized touch: Examining the impact of website customization on commitment, Journal of Electronic Commerce Reserach, 9 4 , While there are divergent views about the significance of this technology, one thing is most definite — the youths, especially university students have incorporated the use of social media into their daily routine.

The study, conducted in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, a metropolitan university in Nigeria, surveyed students out of which The study, conducted within the theoretical ambience of mediamorphosis, found that most students use social media more to connect with their existing relationships than using it to create new relationships.

In this regard, social networking could be described as an extension of face-to-face communication, a situation where old and new media live in mutual coexistence without abolishing the old ones. The study also revealed that mobile phone constitutes the most popular means through which the students access social media. Perceived negative effects of social networking as revealed by the study are time wastage, invasion of privacy, addiction and promotion of social vices. This form of I communication, otherwise known as social networking has become one of the most important products of Internet technology.

From the various studies, while some individuals perceive social networking site as a form of distraction or a platform where the youths share some ephemeral issues about life when they are supposed to be engaged with more serious issues like their academics, career, and trade, others argue that social networking is a social phenomenon and must be approached from multiple perspectives.

Hence, social networking has both good and bad sides. This study provides descriptive information about how university students fresh and final year use the various social networking platforms. Critical questions for understanding the pattern of utilization of such applications address the time spent on it, motivations behind the use of such sites, and their perceived benefits and danger.

This form of relationship, popularly known as social networking, allows people to relate and connect with one another in the virtual realm through wired social networking sites. One good thing about social networking is that everyone within the network can participate in an ongoing debate, share contents, photographs, opinion, create and join groups of interest.

Popular among the social networking sites are Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, YouTube; all these have attracted millions of users all over the world and have become a common language among the present generation especially the youths and teenagers who have integrated them into their daily routines.

By definition, social networking sites are those web sites that allow users create connection through the Internet to share and exchange content, chat or leave message Vivar and Aguilar, For Ellison, Lampe and Steinfield , social networking sites allow users to engage in virtual representation, articulate connections, view their own networks and the networks of others and fundamentally, allow individuals share both serious and ephemeral changes about life.

The first social networking sites, SixDegrees. Since then, many other social network sites are burgeoning in the virtual domain but it has been observed that MySpace and Facebook have dwarfed the other social networking sites due to the large traffic they attract Kent, In fact, social networking became more popular between and with the launch of MySpace and Facebook Stollak, Vanderberg, Burklund, Weiss, While Facebook and MySpace are the most popular social network sites, the popularity and adoption of any social networking site may vary from country to country and from time to time.

According to Boyd and Ellison , in Africa, social networking becomes more popular as a result of the improvement in mobile communication that allows the owners to get connected to the virtual world. Some argue that users, by displaying their personal information, may be putting themselves at risk both online and offline.

However, the high level of diffusion among people shows that there are certain needs that social networking sites gratify. Nyland explored the motivations for use of Internet social networking in comparison with other communication alternatives email and face-to-face communication and found that users tend to find it social networking more convenient than face-to-face communication. The result of the research on the uses and gratifications of Myspace and Facebook by Raacke and Bonds-Raacke reveal that significant proportion of students use the social networking sites for making new friends and locating old friends.

This finding also lend credence to an earlier survey of college students in the United States which reveals that social networking sites are used for social interaction with offline acquaintances in order to maintain friendships rather than to make new friends Ellison, Lampe and Steinfield, Nyland and Near conducted an exploratory factor analysis on the relationship between the use of social networking and the religiosity of the individual and the result reveals five main uses of social networking sites which are: meeting new people, entertainment, maintaining relationships, learning about social events, and sharing media.

However, the result shows no relationship between exposure to social networking sites and religiosity. While Internet has a lot of social and educational relevance, most of the literatures about online social networking sites are tilted toward their negative dimensions Ahmad, However, studies show that social networking sites have potentials to become valuable resources to support teaching and learning though it is still unclear how this can be done Roblyer, McDaniel, Webb, Herman and Witty, But does it mean that high social media penetration is tantamount to high Internet penetration?

According to the report of the United Nations body, International Telecommunications Union ITU , a comparison of data from Facebook, which is arguably the world most popular social networking site, reveals that in some developing countries the number of Facebook users are as many as Internet users.

However, the report added that such comparison should be done with caution since Internet users are individuals while Facebook accounts may belong to individuals and corporate organisations.

Some social networking sites are designed to cater for the interest of some groups, individuals, continent, region or country. In Nigeria for instance, social networking sites like Nairaland, Naijapals, onlineNigeria, LagosMeet, LagBook, Nigerianbestforum, 9jabook are popular among the youths especially those seeking for platform to get latest information about job opportunities, politics, gossips and those who want to chat, flirt and date.

Social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, MySpace can however be described as the mainstream social networking sites due to their global pervasiveness.

Internetworldstats also revealed that as at March 31, , of all the world According to the internetworldstats, as at in Africa, Nigeria maintains third position in terms of the number of Facebook users, coming behind Egypt and South Africa whose figure stood at 9. The tables below provide the latest information on African Internet Status, Population statistics and social networking Facebook figure.

Source: www. Thus, social relationship through face-to-face communication is metamorphosing with the insurgence of social networking sites. With a gradual shift from face-to-face communication and the swift integration of social networking to the daily routines of people, mediamorphosis theory can be used to explain these changes. Mediamorphosis was first used by Kurt Blaukopt, an Austrian music sociologist Sperlich, to signify the metamorphosis of music in relation to the dominant role of the electronic media in contemporary music life Blaukopt, For Fidler , mediamorphosis involves the changes of communication media that are brought about by the interplay of multiple factors such as perceived needs, competitive and political pressures and social and technological innovation.

Hence, the changes in the communication technology should not only be seen as a mere technological transformation but should also be considered as an interdependent relationship between the past and the present.

By this, we mean that this new means of communication social networking did not emerge independently or spontaneously but it is a product or an extension of old means of communication face-to-face.

Hence, even though social networking sites have brought about tremendous changes in human relationship, such changes are done within the context of the existing patterns of relationships. For instance, social networking does not only allow us to connect with those we have never met before, it has also further boosted face-to-face communication by providing avalanche of possibilities and serving as platform to reconnect with those we have shared close affinity, those we have in the past, met face-to-face.

Findler identifies six fundamental principles that provide insight into our understanding of the emerging computer-mediated communication; coevolution and coexistence that is, as newer media emerge and become part and parcel of the communication system without necessarily abolishing the older media ; metamorphosis that is, new media emerging out of the existing ones ; propagation that is, the new media propagate the dominant traits of the old media ; survival that is, both the new and the old media are forced to adopt to the changes for their own survival ; opportunity and need these media must meet the political, social and economic needs of their adopters in order to survive ; delayed adoption it takes a long time for the new media to become a success commercially.

The above six principles can be used to explain the face-to-face communication and the emerging culture of social networking where distance no longer stand as barrier among people.

Social networking sites represent a new domain of social interaction and as a new phase of communication platform, it infuses new technologies into the existing possibilities, and now coexists with the face-to-face social interaction.

Being a metropolitan and federal university, the school can boast of people from every part of the country and may as well represent a typical Nigerian university. Only students who came for lectures the day questionnaires were administered filled them. Copies of the Questionnaire were administered to those in the final year of their study and those in their first year freshers to see if there is a difference in the manner SNS is used.

Of the total number of students sampled, students representing The questionnaire had both closed and open ended questions.

The study found that while It was also found that while This is an indication that social networking has become part and parcel of the students as many of them have incorporated it into their daily routine. The cross-tabulated data reveals that while female students spend more time on social networking sites than their male counterparts, students in their first year spend more time on networking in the virtual environment than those in their final year, an indication that the time spent on the social networking sites changes as the students continue their degrees See Table 2.

This data therefore is an indication that there are also many secondary high school students who use SNS, many even join before coming to the university. Daily Sometimes Rarely No Response 14 10 4 32 level 62 23 32 level 40 46 14 Total 79 50 b. No doubt, the use of social networking sites has become pervasive among Nigerian students. From the data gathered, However, the most popular social networking sites among the students is facebook with This shows that among 10 university undergraduate students who use SNS, 5 will likely be facebook users.

Though worldwide, facebook and MySpace compete in terms of number of users but this study revealed that facebook is far more popular than MySpace in the study area. In fact, 2go which is hardly mentioned in the list of popular SNS even has larger users In order to surmount the difficulties of access, Internet users resort to different Internet access points depending on their needs, their economic strength, intended privacy and comfort.

Hence, this study evaluates the possible SNS access points. From the study, the data revealed that mobile phones provide the greatest access to social networking users. This may explain why majority of students For instance, Golder, Wilkinson and Huberman found that messaging within online networks is done to maintain and build social ties across distances.

Also, Lampe, Ellison, Steinfield and Ellison, Steinfield and Lampe all found that SNS is used to learn about old friends and reconnect with relations, and this use was rated higher than other uses. Through social connection, students create and develop social identity, develop intimacy and tackle some social problems like boredom, isolation, loneliness and other social and psychological issues.

Other uses that command great attention of the sampled students is social escapism Recent studies reveal that Social Networking Sites have not reached their full potential in terms of academics and intellectual purpose but this current study reveals that if SNS is well developed and intellectually- inclined applications are integrated into the virtual environment, it can, to a large extent, enhance the engagement levels of students.

It is also believed that by using SNS for social connection, students can build intimacy and self-identity, after all self-disclosure enhances personal identity and intimacy Buhrmester and Prager, Students, through social networking, can therefore build self-confidence, discuss personal, emotional and academic issues with those they share close ties. Though Gross and Acquisti , in their study of information revelation and disclosure within the virtual environment, it was found that only 1.

Other issues mentioned were addiction which could equally lead to time wastage. Health implications like having few hours sleep and visual impairment were also mentioned by 3. Considering the quantum of time spent by students each day on social networking sites, school administrators and educational institutions should be more creative by using the right applications for the advancement of education instead of treating it as a platform where trivial issues are discussed.

Many students now belong to one virtual community, an avenue where an individual can garner outrageous number of friends — those they have ever met, those they may one day meet face-to-face and those they may never meet for life.

Thus, most students use social networking sites as a means of connecting with those they have met before and those they have not met or may never meet. Thus, it can be argued that social networking is an extension of face-to-face communication, a very important tenet of mediamorphosis which stresses the coexistence of the new and old media without necessarily abolishing the old patterns of relationship. Though this study does not compare social networking with face-to-face communication, but it nonetheless provides useful insights about how the face-to-face communication is metamorphosing or reinventing itself by coexisting with interactions and relationships within the virtual domain.

Hence, while social networking does not only allow us to connect with those we have never met before, it has also further boosted face-to-face communication by providing avalanche of possibilities and serving as platform to reconnect with those we have shared close affinity, those we have in the past, met face-to-face. Ahmad, S. A Journal of Education and Sociology, 4 2.

Blaukopf, K. Musical life in a changing society. Amedeus Press. Boyd, D. Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Buhrmester, D. Patterns and functions of self-disclosure during childhood and adolescence. Rotenberg Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ellison, N. Social network sites and society: Current Trends and Future Possibilities. Fidler, R Mediamorphosis: Understanding new media. London: Sage Publications. Golder, S. Gross, R. Hempel, J. The Myspace generation.

Business Week, Ismail, S. International Journal for the Advancement of Science and Arts, 1 2. ITU Measuring the Information Society Kent, J. Social networking sites: will they survive? Nebula, 5. Kolawole, T The potential of the Internet in Nigeria. Barcamp Africa, Mountain view, Ca.

Sturvs Inc. Nyland, R. The gratification niches of Internet Social networking, E-mail and face-to-face communication. Jesus is my friend: Religiosity as a mediating factor in the use of online social networks. February , , Reno, Nevada. Pempek, T. L College students’ social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30 — Raacke, J.

Cyberpsychology and Behaviour. Ramirez, G. Societal learning and knowledge management: diagnosing and enhancing potential.

Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, 8 1. Roblyer, M. Findings on Facebook in higher education: A comparison of college faculty and student uses and perceptions of social networking sites.

Internet and Higher Education, 13 — Sairosse, T. Use of cybercafe: study of Gaborone City, Botswana. Sperlich, R. Mediamorphosis of cultural creation and a study of the digital mediamorphosis in rock and electronic music in Austria. Stollak, M. Getting Social: The impact of social networking usage on grades among college students. Vivar, J. F and Aguilar, C. The social media in the configuration of the new informative model of the newspaper.

International Journal of Arts and Sciences. Government subsidization of insurance against risks related with contrary climatic situations and weather events, such as flood impairment and crop loss, may lead to discrete decisions that really raise the exposure of people, property and economic events to those risks. The methods that give rise to this phenomenon are important in accepting the exposure of social populations to climate change.

In many areas, existing conditions that give rise to flooding or crop failure are likely to be intensified by climate change over coming eras. In the climate change field, susceptibility has been abstracted as a function of disclosure to risk and as a skill to adapt to the effects. In this context, crop insurance is possible adaptive measures. This treatment of exposure compares with similar ideas in insurance and risk management whereby actions that cause damage are known as threats, and physical conditions, such as climate change, that increase the outlook of a threat occurring, are known as physical threats.

However, the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC also summaries changes in the occurrence, spatial dissemination and degree of a number of climatic conditions, extremes and weather events possible to occur in coming decades. Many of these variations, if revealed, pose significant risks to social well-being. The panel notes that much social disbursement can be expected to face an amplified potential of flooding because of heavy rain events and sea-level rise.

Higher temperatures and more hot days are expected to occur over closely all land areas, and increased summer continental drying and allied risk of summer drought is likely to occur over mid-latitude interior areas. Such variations in climatic conditions may be expected to pose distresses for areas of agricultural production.

Many social settlements in such environments have long been open to the risks of flooding or drought. Such indexes of climate change can therefore be defined as existing risks to which such societies are already unprotected. In other words, the climatic conditions recorded above represent impending increases in frequency, degree or magnitude of existing climatic or weather correlated risks.

Because the likely signs of climate change comprise of hazards for which insurance may be available, use of insurance can be considered as one the many promising options for climate change. The objectives of this paper are; first, we set forth the ideas of risk and susceptibility from the research literature, which have become central to evaluating the potential effects of climate change on social populations.

Second, we expose that though coverage and adaptive capability are often treated separately, in climate change works, they are not equally independent variables and that they are consistently unified, and we thus propose a re-conceptualized model of climate-related risk to exemplify more closely these connections.

This model is relevant to those seeking to reduce social exposure to climate change risks, because actions taken to reduce disclosure may cause changes in adaptive capacity- or vice versa. Third, we demonstrate these ideas with examples of insurance for crop- and flood-related risks.

In many western countries, governments aids such insurance, which serves to make the assurance more widely available; thus, more people who experience these types of victims are compensated. Most describe susceptibility as the potential to experience harm or loss from some event or condition, and this prospective is related to factors that distress the prospect of the incident or situation occurring and the capacity to cope with or adjust to the effects of the event, and when it occurs.

There are two major elements of liability notable in the model. E refers to the possibility or occurrence of hazardous conditions relative to the presence of socials at a particular location at a particular time.

AC refers to the capability of those exposed to cope with the potential risky conditions to which it is exposed. No particular scale is quantified in this model, allowing for vulnerability to be characterized at levels from individual families to communities, regions and beyond.

This model offers a very broad conceptualization of liability. It does not specify the particular interconnections. It is anticipated that these relationships are likely to be system-, place- and time-specific, and will vary with the explicit types of climate change-related hazards and potential ways of adjusting to such risks. We next reformulate this general liability model to reveal how risk is assumed in the fields of insurance and risk management. Doing so will provide perceptions into how insurance may influence adaptive capacity and may inform strategy regarding promoted insurance in particular applications.

In the field of insurance, risk is identical with ambiguity about the existence of a given outcome, and an event that is the index of a given risk is known as a threat. Risk may be classified as follows: Pure risk vs. Hypothetical Risk A pure risk is one where, if the threat arises, the only probable outcome is a loss to the person facing it.

For example, a house fire is suspect to result in any benefit to the owner of the house. A hypothetical risk is one where, if the threat occurs, the chance of experiencing either a loss or a benefit exists. Note that the risk itself is not the source of speculation, but the nature of the impact of its occurrence is. A gamble placed on a racehorse is an example of a hypothetical risk. Static risk vs. Dynamic Risk A static risk occurs in an atmosphere that is in a steady state.

For example, the probability of death is percent and unlikely to change. A dynamic risk is one where the environment may be substance to change. Starting a new business in a unpredictable economic environment is an example of dynamic risk.

Subjective risk vs. Objective Risk A subjective risk is one where an individual forms a view regarding the possibility of a threat occurring. An objective risk is one where the probabilities of a threat occurring can be enumerated.

In order to proactively keep the user and enterprise resources safe, Application Guard coordinates with Microsoft Edge to open that site in a temporary and isolated copy of Windows. The attack is completely disrupted. As soon as the user is done, whether or not they are even aware of the attack having taken place, this temporary container is thrown away, and any malware is discarded along with it.

After deletion, a fresh new container is created for future browsing sessions. To manage the enterprise, we do provide new Group Policy settings, so the desktop administrator can ensure security and conformity for all of the enterprises users. Well there you have it, some great new security features and they are provided as free updates.

Look through the links and try out some of the demos. If you are already convinced that you need to get off the older operating system but need help justifying, hopefully this will help you convince the decision makers to move forward. Hello everyone! Here in the fall, in the Ozark Mountains area the colors of the trees are just amazing! If only it was that easy! Kerberos plays a huge role in server authentication so feel free to take advantage of it.

The Kerberos authentication protocol provides a mechanism for authentication — and mutual authentication — between a client and a server, or between one server and another server.

This is the underlying authentication that takes place on a domain without the requirement of certificates.

Why not you ask? Well for one thing, using sniffing tools attackers can successfully extrapolate every single key stroke you type in to an RDP session, including login credentials. And given that, often customers are typing in domain admin credentials…which means you could have just given an attacker using a Man-in-the-Middle MTM attack the keys to the kingdom.

Granted, current versions of the Remote Desktop Client combined with TLS makes those types of attacks much more difficult, but there are still risks to be wary of. However, what should be done is making sure the remote computers are properly authorized in the first place. Read the following quick links, and pick which one applies for your situation: or read them all.

Although technically achievable, using self-signed certificates is normally NOT a good thing as it can lead to a never-ending scenario of having to deploy self-signed certs throughout a domain. Talk about a management overhead nightmare! Additionally, security risk to your environment is elevated…especially in public sector or government environments. Needless to say, any security professional would have a field day with this practice an ANY environment.

Jacob has also written a couple of awesome guides that will come in handy when avoiding this scenario. Both of course feature the amazing new Windows Server , and they are spot on to help you avoid this first scenario. Just remember they are guides for LAB environments. Sure, it works…but guess what? Neither can Kerberos for that matter. Main security reason: Someone could have hijacked it. You can stop reading now. Think of a Root CA Certificate and the chain of trust.

RDP is doing the same thing. So how do we remedy that? You still must connect using the correct machine names. The idea is to get rid of the warning message the right way…heh. Okay this scenario is a little like the previous one, except for a few things. Normally when deploying ADCS, certificate autoenrollment is configured as a good practice. But RDS is a bit different since it can use certificates that not all machines have. Remember, by default the local Remote Desktop Protocol will use the self-signed certificate…not one issued by an internal CA…even if it contains all the right information.

Basically, the right certificate with appropriate corresponding GPO settings for RDS to utilize…and that should solve the warning messages. How do we do that? Remember, certificates you deploy need to have a subject name CN or subject alternate name SAN that matches the name of the server that a user is connecting to! Manual enrollment is a bit time consuming, so I prefer autoenrollment functionality here. To mitigate the CA from handing out a ton of certs from multiple templates, just scope the template permissions to a security group that contains the machine s you want enrollment from.

I always recommend configure certificate templates use specific security groups. Where certificates are deployed is all dependent upon what your environment requires. Next, we configure Group Policy. This is to ensure that ONLY certificates created by using your custom template will be considered when a certificate to authenticate the RD Session Host Server or machine is automatically selected.

Translation: only the cert that came from your custom template will be used when someone connects via RDP to a machine…not the self-signed certificate. As soon as this policy is propagated to the respective domain computers or forced via gpupdate. I updated group policy on a member server, and tested it. Of course, as soon as I try to connect using the correct machine name, it connected right up as expected.

Warning went POOF! Another way of achieving this result, and forcing machines to use a specific certificate for RDP…is via a simple WMIC command from an elevated prompt, or you can use PowerShell. The catch is that you must do it from the individual machine.

Quick, easy, and efficient…and unless you script it out to hit all machines involved, you’ll only impact one at a time instead of using a scoped GPO. Now we get to the meaty part as if I haven’t written enough already. Unlike the above 2 scenarios, you don’t really need special GPO settings to deploy certificates, force RDS to use specific certs, etc.

The roles themselves handle all that. Let’s say Remote Desktop Services has been fully deployed in your environment. Doesn’t matter…or does it? Kristin Griffin wrote an excellent TechNet Article detailing how to use certificates and more importantly, why for every RDS role service.

Just remember the principals are the same. First thing to check if warnings are occurring, is yep, you guessed it …are users connecting to the right name? Next, check the certificate s that are being used to ensure they contain the proper and accurate information. Referring to the methods mentioned in. The following information is from this TechNet Article :. The certificates you deploy need to have a subject name CN or subject alternate name SAN that matches the name of the server that the user is connecting to.

For example, for Publishing, the certificate needs to contain the names of all the RDSH servers in the collection. If you have users connecting externally, this needs to be an external name it needs to match what they connect to.

If you have users connecting internally to RDWeb, the name needs to match the internal name. For Single Sign On, the subject name needs to match the servers in the collection. Go and read that article thoroughly. Now that you have created your certificates and understand their contents, you need to configure the Remote Desktop Server roles to use those certificates.

This is the cool part! Or you will use multiple certs if you have both internal and external requirements. Note : even if you have multiple servers in the deployment, Server Manager will import the certificate to all servers, place the certificate in the trusted root for each server, and then bind the certificate to the respective roles.

Told you it was cool! You don’t have to manually do anything to each individual server in the deployment! You can of course, but typically not mandatory. DO use the correct naming. DO use custom templates with proper EKUs. DO use RDS. You don’t have an internal PKI, then use the self-signed certs The other takeaway is just have an internal PKI And for all our sanity, do NOT mess with the security level and encryption level settings!

The default settings are the most secure. Just leave them alone and keep it simple. Thank you for taking the time to read through all this information. I tried to think of all the scenarios I personally have come across in my experiences throughout the past 25 years, and I hope I didn’t miss any. If I did, please feel free to ask! Happy RDP’ing everyone! Understanding the differences will make it much easier to understand what and why settings are configured and hopefully assist in troubleshooting when issues do arise.

A cryptographic protocol is leveraged for security data transport and describes how the algorithms should be used. What does that mean? Simply put, the protocol decides what Key Exchange, Cipher, and Hashing algorithm will be leveraged to set up the secure connection.

Transport Layer Security is designed to layer on top of a transport protocol i. TCP encapsulating higher level protocols, such the application protocol. An example of this would be the Remote Desktop Protocol. The main difference is where the encryption takes place. Just like the name implies, this is the exchange of the keys used in our encrypted communication.

For obvious reasons, we do not want this to be shared out in plaintext, so a key exchange algorithm is used as a way to secure the communication to share the key.

Diffie-Hellman does not rely on encryption and decryption rather a mathematical function that allows both parties to generate a shared secret key.

This is accomplished by each party agreeing on a public value and a large prime number. Then each party chooses a secret value used to derive the public key that was used. Both ECDH and its predecessor leverage mathematical computations however elliptic-curve cryptography ECC leverages algebraic curves whereas Diffie-Hellman leverages modular arithmetic.

In an RSA key exchange, secret keys are exchanged by encrypting the secret key with the intended recipients public key. The only way to decrypt the secret key is by leveraging the recipients private key. Ciphers have existed for thousands of years.

In simple terms they are a series of instructions for encrypting or decrypting a message. We could spend an extraordinary amount of time talking about the different types of ciphers, whether symmetric key or asymmetric key, stream ciphers or block ciphers, or how the key is derived, however I just want to focus on what they are and how they relate to Schannel.

Symmetric key means that the same key is used for encryption and decryption. This requires both the sender and receiver to have the same shared key prior to communicating with one another, and that key must remain secret from everyone else. The use of block ciphers encrypts fixed sized blocks of data.

RC4 is a symmetric key stream cipher. As noted above, this means that the same key is used for encryption and decryption. The main difference to notice here is the user of a stream cipher instead of a block cipher. In a stream cipher, data is transmitted in a continuous steam using plain-text combined with a keystream.

Hashing Algorithms, are fixed sized blocks representing data of arbitrary size. They are used to verify the integrity of the data of the data being transmitted. When the message is created a hash of the original message is generated using the agreed upon algorithm i. That hash is used by the receiver to ensure that the data is the same as when the sender sent it. MD5 produces a bit hash value. Notice the length difference? NOTE: Both hash algorithms have been found to be vulnerable to attacks such as collision vulnerabilities and are typically not recommended for use in cryptography.

Again, see the noticeable size difference? Now that everything is explained; what does this mean? Remember that a protocol simply defines how the algorithms should be used. This is a where the keys will be exchanged that are leveraged for encrypting and decrypting our message traffic.

This is the algorithm, in this instance the Elliptic-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, used to create the digital signature for authentication. GCM Again…… what? This is the mode of operation that the cipher leverages. The purpose is to mask the patterns within the encrypted data. SHA indicates that the hashing algorithm used for message verification and in this example is SHA2 with a bit key. Hopefully this helps to further break down the barriers of understanding encryption and cipher suites.

We decided to round up a few customer stories for you, to illustrate the various real-world benefits being reported by users of Shielded VMs in Windows Server To all of you that have downloaded the Technical Preview and provided feedback via UserVoice, thank you. On December 1st we released the first public update to the Technical Preview. Windows Defender Antivirus uses a layered approach to protection: tiers of advanced automation and machine learning models evaluate files in order to reach a verdict on suspected malware.

While Windows Defender AV detects a vast majority of new malware files at first sight, we always strive to further close the gap between malware release and detection. We look at advanced attacks perpetrated by the highly skilled KRYPTON activity group and explore how commodity malware like Kovter abuses PowerShell to leave little to no trace of malicious activity on disk. From there, we look at how Windows Defender ATP machine learning systems make use of enhanced insight about script characteristics and behaviors to deliver vastly improved detection capabilities.

Backdoor user accounts are those accounts that are created by an adversary as part of the attack, to be used later in order to gain access to other resources in the network, open new entry points into the network as well as achieve persistency.

MITRE lists the create account tactic as part of the credentials access intent of stage and lists several toolkits that uses this technique.

And, now that the celebrations are mostly over, I wanted to pick all your brains to learn what you would like to see from us this year…. As you all know, on AskPFEPlat, we post content based on various topics in the realms of the core operating system, security, Active Directory, System Center, Azure, and many services, functions, communications, and protocols that sit in between. Christopher Scott, Premier Field Engineer.

I have recently transitioned into an automation role and like most people my first thought was to setup a scheduled task to shutdown and startup Virtual Machines VMs to drive down consumption costs.

Now, the first thing I did, much like I am sure you are doing now, is look around to see what and how other people have accomplished this. So, I came up with the idea of using Tags to shutdown or startup a filtered set of resources and that is what I wanted to show you all today.

The first thing you will need to do is setup an Automation Account. From the Azure portal click more actions and search for Automation. By clicking the star to the right of Automation Accounts you can add it to your favorites blade. Now you will be prompted to fill in some values required for the creation. Now is the time to create the Azure Run as Accounts so click the Yes box in the appropriate field and click create. From within the Automation Accounts blade select Run as Accounts.

After the accounts and connections have been verified we want to update all the Azure Modules. We can also review the job logs to ensure no errors were encountered. Now that the Automation Accounts have been created and modules have been updated we can start building our runbook. But before we build the runbooks I want to walk you through tagging the VMs with custom tags that can be called upon later during the runbook.

From the Assign Tags callout blade, you can use the text boxes to assign custom a Name known as the Key property in Powershell and a custom Value. If you have already used custom tags for other resources they are also available from the drop-down arrow in the same text box fields. Click Assign to accept the tags. To start building the runbook we are going to select the Runbook option from the Automation Account Pane and click Add a Runbook.

When the Runbook Creation blade comes up click Create a Runbook , In the callout blade Give the runbook a name, select Powershell from the dropdown, and finally click Create. At this point you will brought to the script pane of the Runbook. You can paste the attached script directly into the pane and it should look something like this.

Once the script has been pasted in, click the Test Pane button on the ribbon bar to ensure operability. If we go back to the Virtual Machine viewing pane we can verify the results.

Since the script processed correctly and is working as intended we can proceed to publishing the runbook. Click Publish and confirm with Yes. But what are we using to invoke the runbooks? Well we could add a webhook, or manually call the runbook from the console, we could even create a custom application with a fancy GUI Graphical User Interface to call the runbook, for this article we are going to simply create a schedule within our automation account and use it to initiate our runbook.

To build our schedule we select Schedules from the Automation Account then click Add a schedule. Create a Schedule Name, Give it a description, assign a Start date and Time, set the Reoccurrence schedule and expiration and click Create. Now that the schedule has been created click OK to link it to the Runbook.

Originally, I used this runbook to shutdown VMs in an order so at the end of the Tier 2 Runbook would call the Tier 1 Runbook and finally the Tier 0 runbook. For Startup I would reverse the order to ensure services came up correctly. By splitting the runbooks, I ensured the next set of services did not start or stop until the previous set had finished. However, by utilizing the custom tags and making minor changes to the script you can customize your runbooks to perform whatever suits your needs.

For example, if you wanted to shutdown just John Smiths machines every night all you would need to do is tag the VMs accordingly Ex. I have also attached the startup script that was mentioned earlier in the article for your convenience.

Thank you for taking the time to read through this article, I hope you can adapt it to you found it helpful and are able to adapt it your environment with no issues. Please leave a comment if you come across any issues or just want to leave some feedback.

Disclaimer The sample scripts are not supported under any Microsoft standard support program or service. The sample scripts are provided AS IS without warranty of any kind. Microsoft further disclaims all implied warranties including, without limitation, any implied warranties of merchantability or of fitness for a particular purpose.

The entire risk arising out of the use or performance of the sample scripts and documentation remains with you. In no event shall Microsoft, its authors, or anyone else involved in the creation, production, or delivery of the scripts be liable for any damages whatsoever including, without limitation, damages for loss of business profits, business interruption, loss of business information, or other pecuniary loss arising out of the use of or inability to use the sample scripts or documentation, even if Microsoft has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

Azure Automation — Custom Tagged Scripts. Hi, Matthew Walker again. Recently I worked with a few of my co-workers to present a lab on building out Shielded VMs and I thought this would be useful for those of you out there wanting to test this out in a lab environment.

Shielded VMs, when properly configured, use Bitlocker to encrypt the drives, prevent access to the VM using the VMConnect utility, encrypt the data when doing a live migration, as well blocking the fabric admin by disabling a number of integration components, this way the only access to the VM is through RDP to the VM itself.

With proper separation of duties this allows for sensitive systems to be protected and only allow those who need access to the systems to get the data and prevent VMs from being started on untrusted hosts. In my position I frequently have to demo or test in a number of different configurations so I have created a set of configurations to work with a scripted solution to build out labs. At the moment there are some differences between the two and only my fork will work with the configurations I have.

Now, to setup your own environment I should lay out the specs of the environment I created this on. All of the above is actually a Hyper-V VM running on my Windows 10 system, I leverage nested virtualization to accomplish this, some of my configs require Windows Server.

Extract them to a directory on your system you want to run the scripts from. Once you have extracted each of the files from GitHub you should have a folder that is like the screenshot below.

By default these files should be marked as blocked and prevent the scripts from running, to unblock the files we will need to unblock them.

If you open an administrative PowerShell prompt and change to the directory the files are in you can use the Unblock-File cmdlet to resolve this. This will require you to download the ADKSetup and run it and select to save the installer files. The Help folder under tools is not really necessary, however, to ensure I have the latest PowerShell help files available I will run the Save-Help PowerShell cmdlet to download and save the files so I can install them on other systems.

Next, we move back up to the main folder and populate the Resources Folder, so again create a new folder named Resources. While these are not the latest cumulative updates they were the latest I downloaded and tested with, and are referenced in the config files. I also include the WMF 5. I know it seems like a lot, but now that we have all the necessary components we can go through the setup to create the VMs. You may receive a prompt to run the file depending on your execution policy settings, and you may be prompted for Admin password as the script is required to be run elevated.

First it will download any DSC modules we need to work with the scripts. You may get prompted to trust the NuGet repository to be able to download the modules — Type Y and hit enter. It will then display the current working directory and pop up a window to select the configuration to build.

The script will then verify that Hyper-V is installed and if it is server it will install the Failover Clustering feature if not installed not needed for shielded VMs, sorry I need to change the logic on that. The Script may appear to hang for a few minutes, but it is actually copying out the.

Net 3. The error below is normal and not a concern. Creating the Template files can take quite a long time, so just relax and let it run. Once the first VM Domain Controller is created, I have set up the script to ensure it is fully configured before the other VMs get created.

You will see the following message when that occurs. Periodically during this time you will see message such as the below indicating the status. Once all resources are in the desired state the next set of VMs will be created. Once the script finishes however those VMs are not completely configured, DSC is still running in them to finish out the configuration such as Joining the domain or installing roles and features.

So, there you have it, a couple of VMs and DC to begin working on creating a virtualized environment that you can test and play with shielded VMs a bit. So now grab the documentation linked at the top and you can get started without having to build out the base. I hope this helps you get started playing with some of the new features we have in Windows Server Data disk drives do not cache writes by default. Data disk drives that are attached to a VM use write-through caching.

It provides durability, at the expense of slightly slower writes. As of January 10 th , PowerShell Core 6.

For the last two decades, changing the domain membership of a Failover Cluster has always required that the cluster be destroyed and re-created. This is a time-consuming process, and we have worked to improve this. Howdy folks! Before going straight to the solution, I want to present a real scenario and recall some of the basic concepts in the Identity space. Relying Party signature certificate is rarely used indeed. Signing the SAML request ensures no one modifies the request.

COM wants to access an expense note application ClaimsWeb. COM purchasing a license for the ClaimsWeb application. Relying party trust:. Now that we have covered the terminology with the entities that will play the role of the IdP or IP, and RP, we want to make it perfectly clear in our mind and go through the flow one more time.

Step : Present Credentials to the Identity Provider. The URL provides the application with a hint about the customer that is requesting access. Assuming that John uses a computer that is already a part of the domain and in the corporate network, he will already have valid network credentials that can be presented to CONTOSO.

These claims are for instance the Username, Group Membership and other attributes. Step : Map the Claims. The claims are transformed into something that ClaimsWeb Application understands. We have now to understand how the Identity Provider and the Resource Provider can trust each other. When you configure a claims provider trust or relying party trust in your organization with claim rules, the claim rule set s for that trust act as a gatekeeper for incoming claims by invoking the claims engine to apply the necessary logic in the claim rules to determine whether to issue any claims and which claims to issue.

The Claim Pipeline represents the path that claims must follow before they can be issued. The Relying Party trust provides the configuration that is used to create claims. Once the claim is created, it can be presented to another Active Directory Federation Service or claim aware application. Claim provider trust determines what happens to the claims when it arrives. COM IdP. COM Resource Provider.

Properties of a Trust Relationship. This policy information is pulled on a regular interval which is called trust monitoring. Trust monitoring can be disabled and the pulling interval can be modified. Signature — This is the verification certificate for a Relying Party used to verify the digital signature for incoming requests from this Relying Party.

Otherwise, you will see the Claim Type of the offered claims. Each federation server uses a token-signing certificate to digitally sign all security tokens that it produces.

This helps prevent attackers from forging or modifying security tokens to gain unauthorized access to resources. When we want to digitally sign tokens, we will always use the private portion of our token signing certificate. When a partner or application wants to validate the signature, they will have to use the public portion of our signing certificate to do so. Then we have the Token Decryption Certificate.

Encryption of tokens is strongly recommended to increase security and protection against potential man-in-the-middle MITM attacks that might be tried against your AD FS deployment. Use of encryption might have a slight impact on throughout but in general, it should not be usually noticed and in many deployments the benefits for greater security exceed any cost in terms of server performance. Encrypting claims means that only the relying party, in possession of the private key would be able to read the claims in the token.

This requires availability of the token encrypting public key, and configuration of the encryption certificate on the Claims Provider Trust same concept is applicable at the Relying Party Trust.

By default, these certificates are valid for one year from their creation and around the one-year mark, they will renew themselves automatically via the Auto Certificate Rollover feature in ADFS if you have this option enabled. This tab governs how AD FS manages the updating of this claims provider trust. You can see that the Monitor claims provider check box is checked. ADFS starts the trust monitoring cycle every 24 hours minutes.

This endpoint is enabled and enabled for proxy by default. The FederationMetadata. Once the federation trust is created between partners, the Federation Service holds the Federation Metadata endpoint as a property of its partners, and uses the endpoint to periodically check for updates from the partner.

For example, if an Identity Provider gets a new token-signing certificate, the public key portion of that certificate is published as part of its Federation Metadata. All Relying Parties who partner with this IdP will automatically be able to validate the digital signature on tokens issued by the IdP because the RP has refreshed the Federation Metadata via the endpoint. The Federation Metadata. XML publishes information such as the public key portion of a token signing certificate and the public key of the Encryption Certificate.

What we can do is creating a schedule process which:. You can create the source with the following line as an Administrator of the server:. Signing Certificate. Encryption Certificate. As part of my Mix and Match series , we went through concepts and terminologies of the Identity metasystem, understood how all the moving parts operates across organizational boundaries.

We discussed the certificates involvement in AD FS and how I can use PowerShell to create a custom monitor workload and a proper logging which can trigger further automation.

I hope you have enjoyed and that this can help you if you land on this page. Hi everyone, Robert Smith here to talk to you today a bit about crash dump configurations and options. With the wide-spread adoption of virtualization, large database servers, and other systems that may have a large amount or RAM, pre-configuring the systems for the optimal capturing of debugging information can be vital in debugging and other efforts.

Ideally a stop error or system hang never happens. But in the event something happens, having the system configured optimally the first time can reduce time to root cause determination.

The information in this article applies the same to physical or virtual computing devices. You can apply this information to a Hyper-V host, or to a Hyper-V guest. You can apply this information to a Windows operating system running as a guest in a third-party hypervisor.

If you have never gone through this process, or have never reviewed the knowledge base article on configuring your machine for a kernel or complete memory dump , I highly suggest going through the article along with this blog.

When a windows system encounters an unexpected situation that could lead to data corruption, the Windows kernel will implement code called KeBugCheckEx to halt the system and save the contents of memory, to the extent possible, for later debugging analysis.

The problem arises as a result of large memory systems, that are handling large workloads. Even if you have a very large memory device, Windows can save just kernel-mode memory space, which usually results in a reasonably sized memory dump file.

But with the advent of bit operating systems, very large virtual and physical address spaces, even just the kernel-mode memory output could result in a very large memory dump file. When the Windows kernel implements KeBugCheckEx execution of all other running code is halted, then some or all of the contents of physical RAM is copied to the paging file.

On the next restart, Windows checks a flag in the paging file that tells Windows that there is debugging information in the paging file.

Please see KB for more information on this hotfix. Herein lies the problem. One of the Recovery options is memory dump file type. There are a number of memory. For reference, here are the types of memory dump files that can be configured in Recovery options:. Anything larger would be impractical. For one, the memory dump file itself consumes a great deal of disk space, which can be at a premium.

Second, moving the memory dump file from the server to another location, including transferring over a network can take considerable time. The file can be compressed but that also takes free disk space during compression.

The memory dump files usually compress very well, and it is recommended to compress before copying externally or sending to Microsoft for analysis. On systems with more than about 32 GB of RAM, the only feasible memory dump types are kernel, automatic, and active where applicable. Kernel and automatic are the same, the only difference is that Windows can adjust the paging file during a stop condition with the automatic type, which can allow for successfully capturing a memory dump file the first time in many conditions.

A 50 GB or more file is hard to work with due to sheer size, and can be difficult or impossible to examine in debugging tools. In many, or even most cases, the Windows default recovery options are optimal for most debugging scenarios. The purpose of this article is to convey settings that cover the few cases where more than a kernel memory dump is needed the first time. Nobody wants to hear that they need to reconfigure the computing device, wait for the problem to happen again, then get another memory dump either automatically or through a forced method.

The problem comes from the fact that the Windows has two different main areas of memory: user-mode and kernel-mode. User-mode memory is where applications and user-mode services operate. Kernel-mode is where system services and drivers operate.

This explanation is extremely simplistic. Maria Laura Mele. Arianna Maiorani. Toyoaki Nishida. Abstract The capacity of involvement and engagement plays an important role in making a robot social and robust.

In order to reinforce the capacity of robot in human-robot interaction, we proposed a twolayered approach. In the upper layer, social interaction is flexibly controlled by Bayesian Net using social interaction patterns. In the lower layer, the robustness of the system can be improved by detecting repetitive and rhythmic gestures.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to support a sustainable conversation. From a view point of sustainability, it is important to manage huge conversation content such as transcripts, handouts, and slides.

Our proposed system, called Sustainable Knowledge Globe SKG , supports people to manage conversation content by using geographical arrangement, topological connection, contextual relation, and a zooming interface.

Abstract The progress of technology makes familiar artifacts more complicated than before. Therefore, establishing natural communication with artifacts becomes necessary in order to use such complicated artifacts effectively. We believe that it is effective to apply our natural communication manner between a listener and a speaker to human-robot communication. The purpose of this paper is to propose the method of establishing communication environment between a human and a listener robot.

Abstract In face-to-face communication, conversation is affected by what is existing and taking place within the environment.